森林的

The main influence factors of forest ecosystem health in China include forest fire, acid precipitation and forest pest-disease disaster.

对森林生态系统健康的影响主要来自森林的各种灾害，我国的森林生态系统健康影响因子包括生物灾害、气象灾害和污染灾害等，给森林资源和森林生态系统的发展造成影响。

The essay analyzes the present forest green GDP calculability system and finds that it has not formed the unified theory and method to the forest resources value calculability,the forest accounting is uncoordinated with the statistical calculability,and its calculability scope is inconsistent with the way,also has not the institution of the forest calculability system and so on.

通过对现行森林绿色GDP核算存在的森林资源价值核算没有形成统一的理论与方法、森林的会计核算与统计核算不协调、核算范围与途径不一致、没有相关的森林核算制度等问题进行分析后认为，必须尽快建立统一的森林绿色GDP 核算体系

First of all, as the forests disappeared, the propagation decreased, while some kinds of plants and animals were even close to deracination or had already died out. Next, the natural disasters, such as flood, drought, and tornado, etc. broke out more frequently and strongly. Again, without the protection by forests, soil erosion and fertility decline together with other problems appeared. Finally, forest vicissitude also had negative effect to social economy and people's lives.

首先是由于森林面积的减少，导致一些森林动植物的数量减少，濒临灭绝，甚至消失；其次，森林的变迁导致海南岛水灾、旱灾和风灾等自然灾害发生次数增加，强度加大；再次，土地失去森林的保护而引发严重的水土流失和土壤肥力下降等种种问题；最后，森林的变迁还对社会经济及人们的生活产生不利的影响。

Finally, it proposes to create urban forests for promoting the construction of National Forest City in China, protecting and improving ecological environment of cities.

文章主要介绍了城市森林和国家森林城市的相关概念，概括了城市森林的综合效益和对城市环境的积极作用，最后提出应该以营造城市森林的方式来促进国家森林城市的建设，从而推动城市的生态环境保护和改善。

Its strength is far greater than any other sudden natural disaster of the world to the foresty . so it is very necessary to found a reasonable legal system to restrain forest harvesting.with the development of our country' economy from planned economy to the market, the forestry management is also gradually changing from traditional to modern.

森林采伐是林业生产和森林经营活动的重要组成部分和基础性工作，人类通过采伐活动对森林的作用是长期的、大规模和渐进的，其作用强度远远大于任何一种突发性自然灾害对森林的影响，因而有必要通过法律制度对森林采伐行为加以限制。

Its impaction is gradual, long-term and large-scale. Its strength is far greater than any other sudden natural disaster of the world to the foresty . So it is very necessary to found a reasonable legal system to restrain forest harvesting.With the development of our country' economy from planned economy to the market, the forestry management is also gradually changing from traditional to modern.

森林采伐是林业生产和森林经营活动的重要组成部分和基础性工作，人类通过采伐活动对森林的作用是长期的、大规模和渐进的，其作用强度远远大于任何一种突发性自然灾害对森林的影响，因而有必要通过法律制度对森林采伐行为加以限制。

Forest ecological benefits index system can divided into two kind from the conception of forest ecological benefits measuration, such as dependent variable of region and stand, independent variable.

本文从森林生态效益计量角度出发，阐述了森林生态效益的定义，指出它与森林资源的相关为第二类相关，并将森林的生态效益的指标体系划分为自变量（区域自变量和林分自变量）和因变量两类。

Beijing environmental problems hold severe, and atmospheric and water pollute, soil and water loss, hot island and yawp are leading problems,and take on territorial characteristic. Based on research on relativity between urban forest and these environmental problems, urban forest can effective improve environmental quality in Beijing. And for the aim of improve environmental quality, Beijing forest overlay should attain 35% at least in citywide range, and local-areas being severe environmental problem should be provided with higher forest overlay.5. Through the study on urban forest needed capacity, Beijing's forest coverage is up to par in citywide range, but montanic forest coverage, plain covered with trees and average forest area are lacking, and CO2 and O2 balance is incapable;form the point of heat and balance CO2 and O2 balance,urban forest the city zone and suburb is lack. There is urban forest developmental potential space,but the city zone and suburb area need be compensated form urban forest in circumjacent region.6. On the based of the above results and ecological network system, the author drived whole region into city area, plain and mountain area are needed at the point of planning thoughts of running-through forests and water .

根据城市森林与北京市主要环境问题的相关性分析，城市森林在改善这些环境问题中具有重要的作用，为有效改善这些环境问题，整个北京市域范围内森林覆盖率至少达到35%，并且分布比较均匀，环境问题严重的局部区域需要不同程度增加森林覆盖率。5、通过对北京市城市森林需求量研究发现，虽然在市域范围内北京森林覆盖率达到了国家标准，但是山区森林覆盖率、平原林木覆盖率、城区人均森林面积不足；从区域热平衡和碳氧平衡角度分析，城区和郊区不能满足本区域的城市森林需求量，虽然北京市城市森林具有一定的发展潜力，整体上基本可以满足城市需要，但是这些区域需要依靠周边区域城市森林的补偿。6、根据以上的研究结果，以中国森林生态网络体系建设的点、线、面布局理念为指导，以&林网化——水网化&作为优化理念，将北京市整个市域划分为城区近郊区及其辐射区域，平原区和山区三大区域，依据三大区域特点进行城市森林布局优化。

Although forest insects and pathogens cause various detriments,they also make positive contributions to forest succession,material cycling and energy flow,a food source,creating wildlife habitat,etc.,and further,in an ecosystem perspective their contributions are critical to forest biodiversity,soil fertility and long-term forest health and sustainability,so forest managers must consider both the detrimental and beneficial functions of insects and pathogens.

森林昆虫和病原物虽然能引起林木损伤与死亡，但它们在森林演替、物质循环和能量流动、食物来源、创造野生动物生境等方面都作出了积极的贡献，而且在一个生态系统发展前景中，对于森林生物多样性、土壤肥力、森林的长时期健康和稳定性等方面，它们的促成作用也是必不可少的。因此，森林经营者应当考虑昆虫和病原物的害与益的两方面作用。

It indicates that the development of town forest not only affects the town developing mode,but also affects that of habitation ;at this point,the idea of forest habitation is proposed.

阐述了城市森林的发展，指出城市森林的开发不仅会影响城市的发展，也会影响到城市的居住，就此提出了森林居住的概念；对森林住宅的发展前景以及森林住宅开发过程中应遵循的指导思想进行了分析；对森林住宅开发中的能源、水环境、气环境、声环境、光环境、废弃物管理与处置等系统提出了相关的技术规划建议。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。