森林

In this review, historical background of sampling theory and development of forest inventories are presented. Application and research status of sampling methodology and technology in forest inventory in China and abroad are analyzed and reviewed, which includes sampling with probability proportional to frequency or to size, sampling based on remote sensing and sampling for rare population. Finally, both development trends and some problems of sampling methodology are discussed.

本文介绍了抽样理论的发展和国内外森林抽样调查发展过程，论述了森林调查中主要抽样方法的特点和研究现状，其中包括等概和不等概抽样、基于遥感的抽样、针对稀疏总体分布的抽样调查技术方法，并对这些抽样技术在国内外森林资源调查中的应用进行了综述，概括了抽样调查技术方法的发展趋势，最后总结了抽样技术方法还存在的一些问题。

The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day, hoeing or chopping, and not feel lonesome, because he is employed; but when he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts, but must be where he can "see the folks," and recreate, and, as he thinks, remunerate himself for his day's solitude; and hence he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without ennui and "the blues"; but he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is still at work in his field, and chopping in his woods, as the farmer in his, and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does,though it may be a more condensed form of it.

农夫可以一整天，独个儿地在田地上，在森林中工作，耕地或砍伐，却不觉得寂寞，因为他有工作；可是到晚上，他回到家里，却不能独自在室内沉思，而必须到"看得见他那里的人"的地方去消遣一下，用他的想法，是用以补偿他一天的寂寞；因此他很奇怪，为什么学生们能整日整夜坐在室内不觉得无聊与"忧郁"；可是他不明白虽然学生在室内，却在他的田地上工作，在他的森林中采伐，像农夫在田地或森林中一样，过后学生也要找消遣，也要社交，尽管那形式可能更加凝炼些。

Second, make up the index system and size-up measure and size up the Forest ecology environment value of periphery mountainous land of Guanzhong further by the way of combined quantity and quality.

其次，在森林价值理论研究的基础上，构建了森林价值研究的指标体系以及估算方法，并以关中周边山地为对象，运用定量与定性相结合的方法，对关中周边山地森林生态环境价值进行了价值估算。

Anti-urban forest area accounted for 51 percent of forest area, is the only star anise, cinnamon forest area of more than 100 million mu of counties, as one of the three spices base.

反城市森林面积51森林面积占，是唯一的八角，桂皮超过1.00亿的县为3香料基地之一，万亩森林面积。

E These principles should apply to all types of forests, both natural and planted, in all geographical regions and climatic zones, including austral, boreal, subtemperate, temperate, subtropical and tropical.

e 、这些原则应适用於所有地理区域和气候带，其中包括南部、北部、亚温带、温带、亚热带和热带的所有类型森林，即天然森林和人工森林。

Through the studies on establishment and application of forest resource managemen information system for country, this paper will certainly cause the forest resources monitoring, checking and the data ordering as well as the forest resources sustainable development plan making and the reasonable use to changes fast, precise, scientific, digital forestry realization could be achieved.

本文通过对县级森林资源信息管理系统的构建及应用研究，必将使森林资源监测、清查到数据整理以及森林资源的可持续发展的规划制订和合理利用变得快速、精确、科学，为实现数字化林业奠定坚实的基础。

When I make a mistake in my woodshop, I can't undo it.

当我在我自己的森林（译者注：此森林是同配置管理工具中复杂的版本树构成的森林进行的类比）里犯了错误，我不能撤销。

The paper reviewed the host selection mechanisms and rules of xylophagous insects and their application foreground in forest health evaluation. According to the rule that some secondary xylophagous insects always accompany with trees which are sub-healthy or unhealthy, ideas of diagnosing and evaluating forest health betimes using xylophagous insects were posed. Mathematical models would be established based mainly on interactions between quantity of xylophagous insect populations and status of forest health, interspecific interactions (community structure, biodiversity) and environmental factors were also added as supplementary parameters, in order to quantitatively analyzing and comprehensively evaluating forest health and its developing trend.

本文综述了蛀干昆虫对寄主植物选择机制和规律的国内外研究进展及其在森林健康评价中的应用前景，根据蛀干昆虫中次期性种类总是与亚健康和衰弱林木相伴的规律，提出了利用蛀干昆虫早期诊断和评价森林健康的思路，以蛀干昆虫种群数量与林木健康状况的相互关系为主，辅以物种间相互作用关系、环境因子等建立数学模型，定量分析和综合评价森林健康及其发展趋势。

Management map and GIS sy stem of forest resources of the forest bure au, and the

林业局森林分布图、森林分类经营图和森林资源 GIS 系统详细认定了林区内的主要水体，并建

Vegetation types in mountainous area of West Lake4 groups of vegetation type, 7 vegetation types, 14 formation groups and 25 formations were present in mountainous area of West Lake, according to taxonomic approach and divisory principle in Vegetation of China and Forest of Zhejiang.

西湖山区森林植被类型根据《中国植被》和《浙江森林》的划分原则和分类系统，采用高级分类单位以生态外貌为主、中低级单位采用优势种和标志种相结合的原则，把西湖山区的各类森林划分为4个植被型组、7个植被型、14个群系组和25个群系。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。