棘上的

Results There were nNOS-immunopositive never endings in fibrous coat of capsule of cervical zygapophyseal joints, flava ligament, interspinalia ligament, supraspinale ligament and annulus fibrous of intervertebrale disc. These nerve endings present arborization or beads.

结果 人颈椎关节突关节囊的纤维层、黄韧带、棘间韧带、棘上韧带和椎间盘的纤维环内均有nNOS免疫反应阳性神经末梢的存在，这此神经末梢呈树枝状或念珠状，其走行与结缔组织层平行。

The abdominal wall in the left lower quadrant, 2 finger breadths (3 cm) cephalad and 2 finger breadths medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, has been shown to be thinner and with a larger pool of fluid than the midline and is usually a good choice for needle insertion for performance of a therapeutic paracentesis.27 The right lower quadrant may be a suboptimal choice in the setting of a dilated cecum or an appendectomy scar.

在过去，常常将腹部正中线耻骨与肚脐中间定为穿刺点，现在，由于腹腔穿刺引流大量液体以及腹中部脂肪厚度增加，左下腹成为腹腔穿刺部位（表1），在左下腹部中线至髂前上棘连线上2指宽（3cm）与距髂前上棘2指宽，已经显示较中部脂肪少及腹水较多是治疗性腹腔穿刺好的首选部位27，在盲肠有扩张或阑尾切除术后瘢痕时右下腹是次选的穿刺部位，应避开腹壁下动脉，这些血管走行在耻骨与髂前上棘之间的中线然后在腹直肌中向上行走，，腹壁可见的侧支循环亦应该避开，腹腔镜检查发现侧支循环可出现在中线并且在腹腔穿刺时有导致血管破裂的风险28。

First 27 rabbits of the experimental group were destabilizated by operated on L6、7.Inj Diazepam 0.25 mg/kg,Inj Ketamine 0.02 g/kg and Inj Atropine 0.125 mg/kg was one by one injected into the rabbit through the auris vein,shearing the rabbit hair of backside waist,fixing the rabbit on operation table in face lying,using 1% Povidone Ioding to degerm the operation area.Every rabbit was incised at the backside of its waist,that incisal opening is located in the center of the intervertebral space (L6、7 space) that both side iliac crest line correspond ,from the meso-ordinate direction cut about 4 cm incision,cutting open skin and subcutaneous tissue,thoroughly ,exposing the spinous processes the vertebral plates and the upper-inferior articular processes,entirely segregating the muscles that cohere the spinous processes the vertebral plates and the articluar process,then excising the supraspinal ligaments and interspinal ligaments,biting off two sides the inferior articular processes of L6,in order that resulting in intervertebral destabilization,using 0.9% Inj.Sodium Chloride to washout the incisal opening,in order sewing up each layer tissues.

方法］ 取48只6个月龄日本大耳白兔，雌雄不限，体重为（2.5±0.2） kg，随机进行分组，分为对照组和实验组，对照组为21只；实验组为27只；先将实验组兔腰背部皮毛剪除，用安定注射液1.25 mg/kg、氯胺酮0.02 g/kg、阿托品0.125 mg/kg顺次耳缘静脉注射麻醉后，俯卧固定于手术台上，用1%碘伏消毒手术区域，以髂嵴平对椎间隙（即L6、7）为中心，从正中取一长约4 cm纵行切口，切开皮肤及皮下组织，锐性分离，暴露棘突、椎板及上下关节突，将附着于棘突、椎板及小关节的肌肉全部分离开，然后依次切除L6、7棘上及棘间韧带，咬除第6腰椎两侧下关节突，造成椎间失稳，用无菌生理盐水冲洗切口，依次缝合各层组织；术后动物在笼中自由活动。

Inj Diazepam 0.25 mg/kg,Inj Ketamine 0.02 g/kg and Inj Atropine 0.125 mg/kg was one by one injected into the rabbit through the auris vein,shearing the rabbit hair of backside waist,fixing the rabbit on operation table in face lying,using 1% Povidone Ioding to degerm the operation area.Every rabbit was incised at the backside of its waist,that incisal opening is located in the center of the intervertebral space (L6、7 space) that both side iliac crest line correspond ,from the meso-ordinate direction cut about 4 cm incision,cutting open skin and subcutaneous tissue,thoroughly ,exposing the spinous processes the vertebral plates and the upper-inferior articular processes,entirely segregating the muscles that cohere the spinous processes the vertebral plates and the articluar process,then excising the supraspinal ligaments and interspinal ligaments,biting off two sides the inferior articular processes of L6,in order that resulting in intervertebral destabilization,using 0.9% Inj.Sodium Chloride to washout the incisal opening,in order sewing up each layer tissues.

方法］ 取48只6个月龄日本大耳白兔，雌雄不限，体重为（2.5±0.2） kg，随机进行分组，分为对照组和实验组，对照组为21只；实验组为27只；先将实验组兔腰背部皮毛剪除，用安定注射液1.25 mg/kg、氯胺酮0.02 g/kg、阿托品0.125 mg/kg顺次耳缘静脉注射####后，俯卧固定于手术台上，用1%碘伏消毒手术区域，以髂嵴平对椎间隙（即L6、7）为中心，从正中取一长约4 cm纵行切口，切开皮肤及皮下组织，锐性分离，暴露棘突、椎板及上下关节突，将附着于棘突、椎板及小关节的肌肉全部分离开，然后依次切除L6、7棘上及棘间韧带，咬除第6腰椎两侧下关节突，造成椎间失稳，用无菌生理盐水冲洗切口，依次缝合各层组织；术后动物在笼中自由活动。

Objective To observe the ultrastructure of supra interspinous ligament of ankylosing spondilitis,to evaluate the role of fibroblasts in ossification of ligament,and to discuss if disorderly arrangement of collagen and sedimentation of calcium granule in AS are induced by fibroblasts.

目的 观察强直性脊柱炎棘上棘间韧带的超微结构和探讨成纤维细胞在韧带骨化中的作用。找出AS韧带中胶原紊乱排列和钙颗粒沉积是否由成纤维细胞活动引起。

The number of occluded mid-thoracic interlaminar spaces and the existence of mid-thoracic supraspinous and interspinous ligament ossification on the 3DCT images were also evaluated.

在三维立体 CT 上胸段椎板间空间闭塞的例数以及胸段棘上韧带和棘间韧带骨化的例数同样被评估。

NO takes part in transmission of sensation message among capsule of cervical zygapophyseal joints, flava ligament, interspinalia ligament, supraspinal ligament and annulus fibrous of intervertebrale disc.

结论一氧化氮参与人颈椎关节突关节囊、黄韧带、棘间韧带、棘上韧带和椎间盘的纤维环等结构的伤害性感觉信息的传递。

NO takes part in transmission of sensation message among capsule of cervical zygapophyseal joints, flave ligament, interspinalia ligament, supraspinal ligament and annulus fibrous of intervertebrale disc.

氧化氮参与人颈椎关节突关节囊、黄韧带、棘间韧带、棘上韧带和椎间盘的纤维环等结构的伤害性感觉信息的传递。

Spines were tested first intact, then after complete C5-C6 discectomy with posterior longitudinal ligament resection and ACDF with a wedged bone graft and a rigid locked plate, and finally after complete release of the supraspinous, interspinous, and intertransverse ligaments; the facet capsules; and ligamentum flavum.

首先在完整的颈椎上进行检测，此后将C5-C6椎间盘完全切除、后纵韧带切除后使用坚强锁定钢板及楔形植骨行ACDF，最后完全松解棘上、棘间、横突间韧带及关节囊和黄韧带，在上述情况下分别进行检测。

Results There were nNOS-immunopositive nerve endings in fibrous coat of capsule of cervical zygapophyseal joints,flava ligament,interspinalia ligament,supraspinale ligament and annulus fibrous of intervertebrale disc.

人颈段关节突关节囊、黄韧带、棘间韧带、棘上韧带和椎间盘的纤维环等结构的病变，常表现为颈肩痛。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。