棘

BACKGROUND: Lumbar degenerative disease has been commonly treated with nucleus pulposus extirpation or nucleus pulposus extirpation combined with internal fixation; however, with the development of non-rigidity fixation, interspinous dynamic stabilization and intervertebral disk displacement attract more and more attention.

摘要背景：在早期，腰椎间盘退变性疾病的治疗临床常用髓核摘除或髓核摘除加刚性内固定融合技术，但是随着非刚性固定技术的发展，棘突间稳定系统固定和全椎间盘置换在脊柱非融合治疗中逐渐受到人们的重视，其优点日益突出。

Objective. To describe an interesting patient who underwent open reduction and C1–C2 transpedicular screw fixation with interspinous wiring due to high-riding vertebral artery.

目的：报道一例因高位椎动脉而采用开放复位、C1-C2椎弓根螺钉和棘突钢丝固定的有意义病例。

Twenty patients were treated with nucleus pulposus extirpation alone, considering as control group; while, other 20 patients were treated with nucleus pulposus extirpation combined with Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization, considering as experimental group.

选择2007-12/2008-12华中科技大学附属同济医院骨科收治的腰椎退变性疾病患者40例，随机选取20例行单纯髓核摘除，20例行突出髓核摘除加棘突间稳定系统Wallis固定。

We present a rare case of type II post-traumatic AARF in an adult treated by posterior transpedicular screw fixation with interspinous bone graft wiring after open reduction.

我们报道一个诊断为成人创伤后II型AARF的罕见病例，采用经后路切开复位、椎弓根螺钉联合棘突间植骨钢丝固定。

Although there is fair evidence that articial disc replacement is similarly effective compared to fusion for single level degenerative disc disease and that an interspinous spacer device is superior to nonsurgical therapy for 1- or 2-level spinal stenosis with symptoms relieved with forward exion, insufcient evidence exists to judge longterm benets or harms.

尽管已有相当的证据证明人工椎间盘置换治疗单节段脊柱退变疾病具有和融合手术类似的疗效，也有相当的证据证明棘突间支架治疗1～2个节段伴间歇性跛行的椎管狭窄的疗效优于非手术治疗，但以上都缺乏长期随访的证据。

Summary of Background Data. The X Stop Interspinous Process Distraction Deice is a relatiely new interspinous implant designed for patients with symptomatic spinal stenosis particularly neurogenic claudication.

背景资料概述：对于存在腰椎管狭窄症并有神经源性跛行表现的患者而言，X STOP是一种相对较新的棘突间植入装置。

Methods. A validated 3-dimensional, nonlinear finite element model of an intact adult human L3-L4 motion segment was developed. Four fusion types were simulated using this model, including anterior lumbar interbody fusion, posterior lumbar interbody fusion, intertransverse process fusion, and interspinous process fusion.

制作一个完整的成人腰3-4节段三维立体多元化模型，再用这个模型来制成4种融合方式的模型，包括腰椎前路椎间融合、腰椎后路椎间融合、腰椎横突间植骨融合、椎板棘突间植骨融合；而且达到融合的程度也不尽相同。

The third line is called the intertubercular, and runs across between the two rough tubercles, which can be felt on the outer lip of the crest of the ilium about two and a half inches (60 mm) from the anterior superior spine.

第三条线为结节间线，在两粗大的结节间走过，位于髂骨嵴的外唇，离髂前上棘大约2.5寸（60 mm）处。

The distance from the ischial spine to the ureter was (4.8±2.0)cm.

输尿管膀胱后间隙内段距离坐骨棘的长度为(4.8±2.0)cm。

Results The pudendal nerve′s location was about 12 mm medialis to the middle and lower 1/3 point of the line between posterior superior iliac spine and ischial tuberosity. The maximal free length of the pudendal nerve was (38.74±1.39)mm from the start point to the superior border of sacrotuberous ligament.

结果：阴部神经的体表投影为髂后上棘与坐骨结节连线的中下1/3内侧12 mm，其可游离的最大长度（自起始处至骶结节韧带上缘）为(38.74±1.39)mm。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。