棒

In this project, we have tackled the robust fault detection and diagnosis problem for affine nonlinear sampled-data systems based on nonlinear H∞ filtering theory,and focused on the design of robust fault dtetction filter. The main contribution of this project is that we (1)present design methods of robust fault estimator for nonlinear discrete-time systems based on least square estimation and linear matrix inequality;(2)improve the bounded real lemma of systems with finite discrete jumps;(3)develop the robust fault detection filters for affine nonlinear sampled-data systems with parameter uncertainties based on the improved bounded real lemma.

本项目以提高故障的正确检测率为目的，以非线性H∞滤波理论为基础，对不确定仿射非线性采样系统的鲁棒故障检测与诊断问题进行了研究，重点研究了不确定仿射非线性采样系统的鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计问题，取得了一些新的成果，主要成果有：(1)基于最小二乘估计和线性矩阵不等式，给出了非线性离散系统的鲁棒故障估计器设计方法；(2)改进了有限跳跃点系统的有界实引理；（3）基于改进的有界实引理，给出了不确定仿射非线性采样系统的鲁棒故障检测滤波器的设计方法。

This invention discloses a new technology for preparing rear earth ionic doped fiber prefabricated rods with DC-RTA technology in a sol-gel method including preparing sol containing necessary doped ions, coating said sol uniformly on the inner wall of the quartz glass tube and burning it under high temperature to coagulate and vitrify them to a doped layer and repeating the above process to form a fiber prefabricated rod by oxygen and hydrogen flame after the doped layer reaches to a designed thickness and the fiber prefabricated rod can be made to various rare earth ionic doped fibers by an ordinary drawbench technology.

本发明属于光纤制造和光纤激光技术领域，具体公开了一种利用溶胶凝胶方法中的DC-RTA技术制备稀土离子掺杂光纤预制棒的新工艺。该工艺步骤包括预先配制好含有所需掺杂离子的溶胶，将该溶胶均匀涂覆在石英玻璃管的内壁后高温灼烧，使之凝结并玻璃化为一层掺杂层。反复上述涂覆灼烧过程，在掺杂层达到设计厚度后由氢氧焰高温收棒形成光纤预制棒。该方法所得到的光纤预制棒可以通过普通拉丝工艺拉制成各类稀土离子掺杂光纤。

When replacing, firstly, demount the shelters at both ends and the collet of silicon carbide rod, then take out the damaged silicon carbide rod, to be careful when install it, for the silicon carbide rod is easy to be broken. The parts of both ends exposed out of the furnace plate shall be equal, and the collet must be firm, make it well contact with the silicon carbide rod.

更换时先卸下两端保护罩与硅碳棒夹头，然后取出已损坏的硅碳棒，由于硅碳棒易断，安装时须小心，两端露炉壳外部分应相等，夹头必须紧固，使之与硅碳棒接触良好。

Analyzing and simulating of the deformation law of the ceramic downspout product after overcoming the shortage of powder material models in the software of MSC. MARC. It shows out the important effects of various factors and the shape of mandril during the process. And it is obvious that the shape of the top mandril has more effects on the process than the bottom.(3) Showing out the important effects of model figure on the flowing of powder and the forming of low-density fields from the analysis. After changing the top of the mandril into spherical shape, an improving model is putting out so that the distribution of stress and strain turns to be even and proper and that the flow rule of powder grains is better.(4) Calculating of the dimensional precision and the cutting ratio of the product and analyzing of the effects of such factors as rubber aging, loading process, mandril, friction etc. on the cutting ratio.

MARC存在的粉末材料模型方面的设计缺陷后，对连铸水口粉末成形件的变形规律及影响因素作用进行了模拟分析，指出芯棒形状对成形件的变形有较大影响，并且芯棒顶部形状与芯棒底部形状相比，对粉末变形有更大影响；(3)分析了成形件出现低密度区域的原因，指出模具形状对粉末流动以及粉末成形件低密度区域的形成有重要作用，提出了密度分布优化改进模型：改进模具顶部形状，并将芯棒顶部设计成球面后，粉末成形件顶部区域的应力、应变分布更加均匀、合理，粉体颗粒流动情况明显改善，低密度区域明显缩小；(4)计算了成形件的尺寸精度及切削率，并指出除模具形状的影响外，充填密度、橡胶模具老化、加载工艺等其他因素对总体切削率也有相当的影响。

Linear Fractional Transformation is adopted to translate the control of perturbation to the control of disturbance, then cost index is augmented, and with the min-max method, a robust receding horizon control law is derived. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the control law and closed-loop stability are also presented. The result is extended to time-invariant system with an infinite horizon, and its consistence with the robust control based on the concept of Quadratic Stability is verified.

首先利用线性分式变换，将摄动系统的鲁棒控制问题转化为对扰动系统的鲁棒控制问题；然后通过对性能指标的扩展，利用min-max方法，得到了鲁棒滚动时域控制律，并给出了其存在和使闭环系统渐近稳定的充分条件，并将结果扩展到对定常系统时域无穷的的情况，指出其与现有的基于二次型稳定概念提出的鲁棒控制的一致性。

This is the first time I take lollipop which is very sweet.

在我40岁的那一年，两个儿子要吃棒棒糖，我买了三个，给自己也买了一个，40岁第一次吃棒棒糖，真甜。

I said, sucking too hard on your lollipop, oh love's gonna get you down.

我说， 用力吃你的棒棒糖，不要因为爱让你受伤用力吃你的棒棒糖

Cage shaped rotor includes following parts: columnar rotor core made from soft magnetic material, multiple bar conductors made from copper inserted into rotor core along up and down direction, short circuit rings made from copper installed on upper and lower ends of rotor core in order to realize electrical connection among each bar conductor. Preparation method includes steps: in step for preparing short circuit ring assemblies, bar conductors are installed between short circuit rings in upper part and lower part to keep electrical connection between short circuit rings in upper part and lower part; in step for forming columnar rotor core, pressurization molding soft magnetic material is carried out when short circuit rings module is in die so as to form rotor core, where bar conductors are inside and short circuit rings are in upper and lower ends.

一种电动机的笼子状的转子及其制造方法，电动机的笼子状的转子包括转子铁芯，用软质磁性材料制成，呈圆筒状；多个导体棒沿上下方向插在转子铁芯的外圈，用铜制成；短路环为能够与各导体棒实现电连接，分别安装在转子铁芯的上、下端，并用铜制成；其制造方法，即制作短路环组件的阶段，在这个阶段中在用铜制成的上部短路环与下部短路环之间安装铜质的导体棒，从而形成短路环组件，这些导体棒相距一定间隔，与上、下短路环保持电连接；形成圆筒形转子铁芯的阶段，在这个阶段中把短路环组件放在模具内，并用软质磁性材料进行加压成型加工，从而形成导体棒位于其内部、短路环位于其上、下两端的转子铁芯。

The main rod or master rod joins one of the pistons with the crankshaft, and the other rods, called articulating rods or link rods, connect the other pistons to this same master connecting rod.

主要棒或船长棒加入曲轴与活塞之一，其他棒，称为阐明棒或链接棒，连接其他活塞此相同的主连杆。

The results show that the increasing weight of tungsten oxide nanopowders and the color of tungsten nanomaterials turns light yellow from dark blue and black by increasing oxygen partial pressure in blown gas; the decreasing weight of tungsten oxide nanopowders and the color of tungsten oxide nanopowders becomes dark blue by the plasma that compares row increase including the hydrogen.The tungsten oxide nanomrods was increasing with chamber pressures. Urged nanoparticles to have the clavate fusion phenomenon in the development process with increasing plasma currents, and increased the nanorods distribution quantity along with the generated time to be more, 12 minutes later presents all nanorods. This system to prepare a monoclinic crystal W18O49 nanorods successfully, each hourly output approximately is 0.33 gram, and monoclinic crystal WO3 tungsten oxide nanoparticles, each hourly output approximately is 5.77 grams, its growth mechanism is Vapor-Solid solidly the physiognomy explanation.

研究结果显示，随著氧分压增加时，氧化钨材料呈现重量增加趋势，其颜色从黑色至深蓝色转为淡黄色；随著电浆气中含氢气比列的增加，氧化钨材料呈现重量减少，其颜色从淡黄色至深蓝色转为黑色；针对於氧化钨奈米棒而言随了腔体压力增加，奈米棒的数量也会随之增加，而电浆电流的提高，促使奈米颗粒在成长过程中有了棒状熔合现象，且随了生成时间的增加奈米棒分布数量越多，直到12分钟后呈现出多是奈米棒；本制程在适当制程条件下成功制备出单斜晶体W18O49奈米棒，每小时产量约为0.33 公克，与单斜晶体WO3氧化钨奈米颗粒，每小时产量约为5.77公克，其成长机制可透过气-固（Vapor-Solid， VS）相法解释。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。