棉花

Aqueous extract of cotton has allelopathic effect on Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Lactuca indica, Brassica campestris, Echinochloa crusgall, Setaria viridis and Abutilon theophrasti and its inhibition effect gradually strengthens with increasing concentration. Aqueous extracts from stems, leaves and roots of cotton inhibit or accelerate seed germination and seedling growth, and activity of enzyme of seedling root of cotton. While aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of cotton are 0.02 gmL^(-1), root length, shoot length, lateral root number and dry weight of cotton respectively increase by 10.3%, 3.1%, 22.9% and 2.4% over the control. The above mentioned indexes are lower than the control by 34.4%, 39.2%, 40.6% and 19.0% respectively as the aqueous extracts are 0.1 gmL^(-1). At the same time, root activity and SOD activity decrease by 38.2% and 36.7%, while POD activity and MDA content increase by 52.3% and 36.5%. Growth indexes of plant receptors increase at low concentrations but decrease at high concentrations of aqueous extracts. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of stems and leaves is stronger than that of root.

结果表明：棉花植株水浸提液对萝卜、白菜、莴苣、油菜、稗草、狗尾草、苘麻均具有化感效应，随着作用浓度增加，抑制效应逐渐加强；棉花茎叶和根系水浸提液对棉花种子萌发、幼苗生长、幼苗根系活力、根系酶活性有抑制或促进作用，当茎叶浸提液浓度为0.02 gmL^(-1)时，棉花根长、苗高、侧根数、干重分别比对照增加10.3%、3.1%、22.9%和2.4%，当浓度为0.1 gmL^(-1)时，上述指标与对照相比分别降低34.4%、39.2%、40.6%和19.0%，而根系活力、SOD活性比对照降低38.2%、36.7%，POD活性、MDA含量较对照增加52.3%和36.5%，不同浓度棉花植株水浸提液对棉花生长呈现"低促高抑"的规律，且茎叶浸提液作用效应大于根系浸提液。

This dissertation studied the overcompensatory responses of cotton,Gossipium hirsutum L. plants to leaf loss, square loss and cell sap lossand the changes in some physiological and biochemical contents with timein the case of overcompensation. The artificial defoliation, early squareremoval and aphis colonization were used as three types of simulated ornatural herbivory. The target of this study is to elucidate thephysiological mechanism of cotton plant overcompensation for insectherbivory.

本文以棉花为实验材料，采用人工去除棉花一部分叶片、花蕾及接种棉蚜的方法，分别模拟昆虫食叶、食蕾及吸汁为害等三种为害方式，研究棉花对于失叶、失蕾及损失细胞汁液所产生的超补偿作用，及一些生理生化代谢随棉花发育时间进程变化的情形，以期较为系统地从多个方面阐明棉花对于虫害超补偿作用的生理学机制。

The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.5% Kathan for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, F. moniliforme, Trichothecium roseum, Verticillium dahliae, and Phytophthora boehmeriae were 40, 40, 20, 20, and 2 mg/L, respectively, while EC50s were 9.20, 0.785, 0.695, 2.84, and 0.346 mg/L, respectively. MIC of 1.5% Kathan for Xanthomonas oryzae Dowson, Erwinia carotovora PV. carotovora were 1 and 10 mg/L, respectively. These results suggest that Kathan has good inhibitory activity against the 7 pathogens tested, especially against P. boehmeriae and X.

结果表明，1.5%卡松对棉花枯萎病菌的MIC和EC50分别为40mg/L和9.2034mg/L，对棉花红腐病菌的MIC和EC50分别为40mg/L和0.7845mg/L，对棉花红粉病菌的MIC和EC50分别为20mg/L和0.6951mg/L，对棉花黄萎病菌的MIC和EC50分别为20mg/L和2.8383mg/L，对棉花疫病菌的MIC和EC50分别为2mg/L和0.3459mg/L；对水稻白叶枯病菌和大白菜软腐病菌的MIC分别为1mg/L和10mg/L；说明该药剂对供试7种植物病原菌均具有良好的抑制活性，尤以对棉花疫病菌和水稻白叶枯病菌的抑制活性较强。

The region between the circular brown band generated by cell lipid exosmosis and the band of the wound in the non-transgenic cotton Z35's leaves, is wider than that of the transgenic cotton T-34's leaves, and no micro-HR was found in Z35, the intensity of leaves wilting is much serious, by contrast, micro BR was found around the wound region within the transgenic cotton leaves inoculated with the pathogen, but the micro-HR was not found in the transgenic cotton treated with water and around wound region of non-transgenic cotton Z35 leaves which showed that there was micro-HR defence in transgenic hpa1xoo cotton.

棉花黄萎病菌侵染叶片后，非转基因棉花叶部伤口周围细胞无微过敏性反应，受病原菌侵染的叶片萎蔫程度较重；转hpa1xoo基因棉花叶部伤口周围细胞有微过敏反应，叶部刺伤处仅有较小的坏死斑，且不相连，发病较轻，而清水处理的转基因棉花与非转基因棉花叶片中伤口周围均无微过敏反应，说明病原菌侵染诱导转hpa1xoo基因棉花产生微过敏防御反应，转hpa1xoo基因棉花较非转基因棉花有较强的抗病性。

Now is the cotton harvest season, cotton prices have been falling, we have the people here, there's cotton harvest at home, expect cotton prices upward longer able to sell

现在是棉花收获的季节，棉花价格一直下降，我们这里老百姓收获的棉花都存在自己家里，期望棉花价格能向上长些再出售

The results showed that the 50% leaf removal could increase the yield of sound boll by 24.4% that suggested the happening of overcompensation. The 25% leaf removal had no influence on cotton plant height and protein content in leaves, suggesting the 25% leaf removal in standard falling into the category of growth redundancy, but the climax in protein content in cotton leaves postponed about one week.

在棉花盛蕾期，用剪刀剪除棉花标准叶面积的25%和50%，模拟田间害虫的食叶危害程度，结果显示：50%去叶处理可使棉花成铃数增加24.4%，产生超补偿现象。25%去叶处理在短时间内对棉花的株高和叶中蛋白质含量都没有影响，植株株型亦无大的变化，表明25%叶面积属于生长冗余范畴。

However, the yield and quality of cotton have been seriously influenced by the Verticillium wilt. Molecular biology has been employed to make cotton more resistant to this disease.

棉花是我国最重要的经济作物之一，但黄萎病对棉花种植的影响非常严重，使棉花的产量和品质受到了巨大破坏；为解决这个问题，人们尝试利用分子生物学的手段来提高棉花自身的抗病性。

Aqueous extract of cotton has allelopathic effect on Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Lactuca indica, Brassica campestris, Echinochloa crusgall, Setaria viridis and Abutilon theophrasti and its inhibition effect gradually strengthens with increasing concentration. Aqueous extracts from stems, leaves and roots of cotton inhibit or accelerate seed germination and seedling growth, and activity of enzyme of seedling root of cotton. While aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of cotton are 0.02 gmL^(-1), root length, shoot length, lateral root number and dry weight of cotton respectively increase by 10.3%, 3.1%, 22.9% and 2.4% over the control. The above mentioned indexes are lower than the control by 34.4%, 39.2%, 40.6% and 19.0% respectively as the aqueous extracts are 0.1 gmL^(-1). At the same time, root activity and SOD activity decrease by 38.2% and 36.7%, while POD activity and MDA content increase by 52.3% and 36.5%. Growth indexes of plant receptors increase at low concentrations but decrease at high concentrations of aqueous extracts. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of stems and leaves is stronger than that of root.

结果表明：棉花植株水浸提液对萝卜、白菜、莴苣、油菜、稗草、狗尾草、苘麻均具有化感效应，随着作用浓度增加，抑制效应逐渐加强；棉花茎叶和根系水浸提液对棉花种子萌发、幼苗生长、幼苗根系活力、根系酶活性有抑制或促进作用，当茎叶浸提液浓度为0.02 gmL^(-1)时，棉花根长、苗高、侧根数、干重分别比对照增加10.3%、3.1%、22.9%和2.4%，当浓度为0.1 gmL^(-1)时，上述指标与对照相比分别降低34.4%、39.2%、40.6%和19.0%，而根系活力、SOD活性比对照降低38.2%、36.7%，POD活性、MDA含量较对照增加52.3%和36.5%，不同浓度棉花植株水浸提液对棉花生长呈现&低促高抑&的规律，且茎叶浸提液作用效应大于根系浸提液。

Cause pily grade to drop besides climate reason, advanced course cotton decreases apparently outside, cotton is current the disorder of system, put the negligence of pair of pily quality problems that be in generally, a few places are impure even make the person such as false become a common practice is a reason, also make quality of new this year cotton nots allow hopeful, cheated a shadow again to the pily resource that supplies insecurity originally.

除了气候原因造成棉花等级下降，高等级棉花明显减少外，棉花流通体制的混乱，普遍存在的对棉花质量问题的忽视，一些地方甚至掺杂使假成风等人为原因，也使今年新棉质量不容乐观，给本来就供应紧张的棉花资源又蒙上了一层阴影。

Green fluorescent protein gene was conjugated to the 3 end of the PAP gene in order to screen easily of the transgenic cotton plants. The combined gene was cloned into plant expression vector pBI121 and then transformed. About 5000 seeds of the transgenic cotton were obtained and the some seedlings of the transgenic cotton could give a bright green fluorescence in the dark condition when the cotton seedlings were irradiated with ultraviolet rays. This result reflected that the GFP gene was expressed in the transgenic cotton; dot-blot result also demonstrated that PAP gene was exactly transformed into the cotton. The capacity of the Verticillium dahliae-resistance is being analyzed.

为了便于转基因棉花后代的筛选，在 PAP基因的 3'端融入了绿色荧光蛋白GFP）基因，然后将融合基因克隆在植物表达载体PBI 121上，再进行遗传转化，得转基因棉花种子5000余粒，将种子播种长到于叶展开时，先在黑暗中用紫外灯照射，查找表现绿色荧光的幼苗，然后再用地高辛标记的PAP基因特异性探针对这些棉花进行点杂交，最后发现有8株棉花表现阳性反应，说明PAP基因的确己经转到了棉花的基因组中，其棉花黄萎病的抗性鉴定正在进行之中。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。