梯度法

Methods: The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water was used as gradient elution for separation with HPLC.

采用HPLC法，以乙腈－水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。

Using Chinese squid fishing production data during the main fishing season from 1999 to 2004 in the waters of 150—165°E, the present study combines the sea surface temperature with the horizontal gradient and the percentage of fishing times and daily catch as the suitability index. Using arithmetic mean model and geometric mean model, the integrated habitat suitability index is established based on SST and GSST .

中文摘要：根据 1999—2004 年8—10 月主渔汛期间我国鱿钓船在150—165°E 海域的鱿钓生产数据，结合其表温及表温梯度，分别将作业次数百分比和单位渔船日产量作为适应性指数，利用算术平均法和联乘法分别建立基于表温因子的综合栖息地指数模型。

By adopting the asymptotic expansion method, the higher order partial differential equation was transformed into the system of ordinary differential equations.

采用渐近展开法，将该控制方程——高阶偏微分方程转化为常微分方程组，求解该方程组获得应力函数，进而得到功能梯度材料中裂纹尖端应力高阶渐近场的解析式。

The structure of the implanted zone and unimplanted zone was observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high voltage electron microscopy.

结果表明：复合渗镀＋PVD法沉积的TiN薄膜呈较为均匀、致密、细小的组织，Ti和N原子由表层呈梯度向内分布。与PVD法沉积的TiN层不同，是属于冶金扩散结合层，渗镀层厚度可达10μm以上。

The methods for the recovery of gravity filed from satellite altimetry are summarized and studied and the geoid and gravity anomaly grided in 2.5′×2.5′ size over china are recovered from multi-satellite altimetry data. Two methods are used to recover gravity.

6总结并研究了由测高数据恢复海洋重力场以及分离海面地形的方法；利用多代卫星测高资料，以测高轨迹海面高剖面梯度采样为基础数据，分别由垂线偏差法和最小二乘配置法反演了2.5′×2.5′中国海域的重力异常和大地水准面差距；然后采用移去-恢复由高斯滤波方法从平均海面高中分离出15′×15′中国海域的动力海面地形。

Methods: the cells are isolated by two-step enzyme digestion and purified by the Percoll density centrifugation,the proliferation and differentiation propertiesof which being observed.To study the effect of IGF-1 on satellite cell with MTT method and obtain adequate single satellite cell by frequent passaging.

运用两步酶消化法分离卫星细胞，不连续密度梯度离心法纯化后体外培养，观察其生长与分化特性，运用MTT法测定卫星细胞对不同浓度IGF刺激的反应，并运用频繁传代的方法获取足量单个肌卫星细胞。

Based on field survey for plant community by quadrates, both quantitative and ordination analyses of plant communities in water-level-fluctuation zone within Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Changjiang River were performed using TWINSPAN (Two Way Indicator Species Analysis) and DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) methods.

运用双向指示种分析法和除趋势对应分析法对三峡库区消涨带植物群落进行了数量分类和排序分析。TWINSPAN将122个样方分成19类，可归为4个植被型，分类结果反映了植物群落与环境梯度间的关系，并在DCA分布图上得到较好的验证。

According to contraction theory, this algorithm is based on gradient descent method, which adopts linear average as performance evaluation of value function. So the iterative process of value function becomes a convergent process to a fixed value.

该算法基于梯度下降法，根据压缩映射原理，通过采用线性平均法作为值函数估计的性能衡量标准，把值函数估计的迭代过程转化为一个收敛于不动点的过程。

The main sampling methods include contiguous grid quadrats sampling and random communities sampling.

常用的取样方法有梯度格局法和典型群落随机取样法，其中最小取样面积的确定尤为关键。

Root soils of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet sauvignon grapes of 4 and 8 years old in Yangling region vineyards were taken as samples; and the methods of plate culture and selective medium were used to culture and separate soil microbes. Then the microbes separated from different regions were counted and classified.

以陕西杨陵4年生和8年生赤霞珠葡萄的根系土壤为试验材料，利用平板培养法和微生物选择培养基进行培养分离，采用梯度平板涂布法计数，对葡萄根系土壤中的7种目标微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌以及4种细菌生理群）在不同区域、不同层面的分布和数量进行比较、分析。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。