梯度法

By extending the concept of MBE technique and employing the uniform buffers to separating the sample electrophoresis, the zone electrophoresis was developed. The isotachoporesis technique is based on the separation in a discontinuity form between two buffer solutions and results in separation of samples. The isoelectric focusing is a method that concentrates the ampholyte sample by the pH gradient introduced in the background ampholytes.

区间电泳法以移动边界电泳法作为基础的技术，其在系统环境充满均匀的缓冲液进行分离；等速电泳法则利用两缓冲液进行不连续分离之技术；等电点聚焦电泳法则利用背景溶液建立出pH值梯度，双性电解液样品因其位於等电点所受库伦力为零而聚焦於此。

All the probes were pointed on glass slides by GMS 417 Arrayer. Amplified plasmids wer.e labeled by PCR fluorescence(CY5)-primer and CY5-dUTP. The labeled plasmids were applied to the DNA chip. The hybridization was performed at scalar temperatures (43 C, 45 C, 47 C, 49 C, 51C) for one hour. After hybridization the chips were scanned by GMS418 Array Scanner.

采用PCR引物直接标记法和掺入法对HPv标准品进行扩增和荧光标记，将标记好的标准品与芯片在梯度温度下(43℃，45℃，47℃，49℃，51℃)杂交1 小时，用GMs 418 Array Sc~er扫描仪对杂交后的芯片进行扫描检测分析，用 sca'Array软件对各信号点进行信号强度采集。

One is the method based on orientation and gradient and the other is the skeleton-distance averaging method.

2提出了两种确定等值线窗口的新方法：一种是方向与梯度结合的确定法，一种是中心线等分法。

This minimum is computed with the calculus of variations and the gradient descent method, which provide a system of evolution equations solved with the well-known level set method.

能量泛函的极小值由变分法求解，利用梯度下降法和水平集方法推倒演化方程。

First, a special normal transversal at the initial point is constructed and a second-order Taylor's algorithm is used to trace the projections along the aforementioned normal transversal. A curvature based method for controlling iteration step is further proposed by projecting the given point onto the curvature circle of the normal transversal at the initial point. Finally gradient based method for correcting iteration errors is put forward.

首先构造初始点处的一条特殊的法截线，并给出沿着该法截线追踪投影点的二阶泰勒迭代方法；然后将给定点向初始点处的法截线的曲率圆作投影，提出基于曲率的步长控制策略，在此基础上给出了基于梯度的迭代误差矫正方法。

The examples indicate that the algorithm has strong pertinence and high efficiency, hi the discrete variable optimization, the problem is solved in the relative quotient method On the base of analyzing the relative quotient method, the conjugate gradient direction is used to modify the old search directions, the iterative matrix of the algorithm, and the method to resolve the discrete variable optimization, the relative conjugate difference quotient algorithm is presented.

离散变量优化算法是从相对差商法开始的，在详细分析相对差上法的基础上，用共轭梯度方向修正原有的搜索方向，并对算法的迭代矩阵进行相关的修改，最终形成一种用于求解离散变量优化问题的RCDQ法。

Firstly, the approach formulates a cost functional to turn the inverse problem into a constrained minimization problem according to least squares criterion, then the resulting constrained minimization problem is transformed into an unconstrained minimization problem by using a penalty function technique, and then the closed Fr chet derivatives of the Lagrange function with respect to the properties are derived based on the calculus of variations, finally, one can solve the resulting problem by using any gradient-based algorithm and the finite-difference time-domain method.

该方法首先以最小二乘准则构造目标函数，将逆问题表示为约束最小化问题；接着应用罚函数法转化为无约束最小化问题；然后基于变分计算导出闭式的拉格朗日函数关于特征参数的Fr chet导数；最后借助梯度算法和时域有限差分法迭代反演德拜模型参数。

This dissertation gives the damping iteration method and geome-tric-mean tracing method, both based on inversion of observed ground-water level data, and also gives the proportional iteration (or ortho-gonalization) method based on inversion of hydrogeologic gradient data.

本文建立了用水位观测资料进行反演的阻尼迭代法和几何均值追踪法，利用水力梯度资料进行反演的比例迭代法。

Model comparisons for estimating water and heat fluxes of reed wetland ecosystem in Panjin were done among Profile gradient method,Bowen ratio energy balance method and Eddy covariance method,based on the data from July 1 to July 31,2005 by open-path eddy covariance system(Li-7500,Li-cor Inc,USA) and the micro-climate gradient observation system.

利用2005年7月盘锦芦苇湿地生长旺季的小气候梯度系统30 min观测资料和开放式涡动相关系统10Hz原始观测资料，比较并分析了廓线法、波文比能量平衡法与涡动相关法计算的芦苇湿地生态系统水热通量。

Methods: Hepatic stellate cells were derived from normal rats by in situ perfusion, digestion and density gradient centrifugation with 108 g/L Nycodenz. The cells were stimulated by various concentrations of PDGF or MDA, and then treated with SAB.

采用原位灌注法消化大鼠肝脏，108g/L Nycodenz密度梯度离心，分离HSC，以MTT法观察细胞的增殖能力，免疫组化法检测血小板生长因子受体含量。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。