梁

The distribution and the variation of the pre-stressed effective quantities in the cross section of the beam are comprehensively analyzed by the FEA along with the variation of the span numbers, span length and linear rigidity ratio of beam to column, wherefore the effect factors and the specific conclusions of lateral restraints on the pre-stressed formation in the concrete beam are drawn.

本文以竖向支承构件有一定侧向刚度的预应力混凝土框架结构为研究对象，分析了框架梁受到柱的侧向约束时的受力机理，并运用有限元数值模拟计算方法全面分析了随着梁柱线刚度比、跨度、跨数等诸多因素的变化，框架梁中预应力有效量的分布和变化情况，得到了侧向约束对框架梁建立预压应力的影响因素和具体结论。

In chapter 3, on basis of the first order shear deformation theory, a series of composite laminated beam elements are developed, which are plied transversely, longitudinally and/or assembled both, respectively. A geometric nonlinear element stiffness matrix for the transversely plied laminated beam is presented.

第三章首先介绍了目前已有的在小变形下的横向层合梁、纵向层合梁和组合层合梁理论，并推导了其相应的有限元列式，然后又基于Von-Karman大挠度理论的几何关系，推导了大变形下横向层合梁的单元切线刚度阵。

In order to acquire the spatial stress distribution of the pier-beam fixed joint , a pier-beam fixed joint finite element space model is established and analyzed in different loading cases.

为掌握石板坡大桥墩梁固结点的三维应力状态，建立了墩梁固结点结构分析的空间有限元模型，根据施工过程中及成桥后的工况，分别进行了空间有限元计算，得到了墩梁固结点在三种工况下的应力分布情况，检验了设计的安全性与合理性，提出了改善墩梁固结点应力的措施和方法，为设计和施工提供了科学的依据。

In order to accurately analyze the differences on load carrying ability among laminated beam , laminated beam with wedges and beam as a whole of the same dimension,this paper sets up a model of flection of laminated beam s with rectangular cross section by taking advantage of Winkle s foundation assumption method and electric testing technique.

为了精确分析叠梁、加楔块叠梁和整梁的承载能力，采用温克尔假设法和电测实验技术，完成了矩形截面叠梁受力弯曲时的模型简化理论计算与实测分析。

Concretely, firstly with Timoshenko beams, the fundamental formulae of solutions of dynamical equations, boundary conditions and initial conditions have been transformed by Laplace transformation. Secondly, in the Laplace regions , we gain the analytical solutions of impact forces at the impact contact points, shear and maximum inverse stress of beams. Then, by using Durbin numerical inverse method, we gain the numerical solutions of Timoshenko beams under various restriction conditions. Moreover, the graphs about impact forces at the impact contact points, shear and maximum inverse stress of beams can be obtained too.

把Timoshenko梁力学模型动力学方程的基本解形式、边界条件以及初始条件进行Laplace变换，在Laplace区域得到了冲击接触处的冲击力、整个梁的最大弯曲应力和剪力的解析解，然后利用Durbin数值反演的方法得到了各种约束条件下的Timoshenko梁模型时间-空间的数值解，得到了冲击接触处的冲击力、梁各处的最大弯曲应力和剪力的曲线图。

In some buildings it is unable to apply strengthening measurements on the upper surface of the reinforced concrete continuous beam. On the basic character of RC continuous beam moment redistribution, a new method was tried to increase the beam's resisting moment capacity. The Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic was bonded on beam bottom of the span-mid, the flexural capacity of span-mid was increased, and the plastic hinge joint at the beam end was formed.

在实际加固工程中无法对钢筋混凝土连续梁梁顶进行加固，因此在试验中采用CFRP来加固梁的跨中，增强其正其正截面的抗弯承载力，并利用梁支座处出现塑性铰，引起弯矩重分布的特性，来达到加固的目的。

In the full-scale aero-elastic model test, it is observed that there exist more than one interval of poor aerodynamic performance, and the non-symmetric erection sequence, while increasing the aerodynamic stability at the very places where aerodynamic performance of symmetric erection sequence is poor, performs worse in some other intervals with a vertical flutter phenomenon.

在全桥气弹模型的风洞试验中发现，采用对称架梁施工方法，在施工过程中会存在颤振稳定性最差的区间，并且这样的区间可能不止一个，而采用非对称架梁施工方法，固然在那些采用对称架梁施工时颤振稳定性较差的区间处提高了颤振稳定性能，但却在另一些施工区间中表现出比对称架梁施工更差的颤振稳定性能。

So we can analyse the stability of lattice structure as solid web beam without change its geometry dimension. The out-of-plane stability of bending beam, which is made up with 2 beams and loaded by non-directional force, is studied.

对两节梁组成的弯曲梁在非保向力作用下的平面外失稳问题进行了研究，通过建立每节梁临界状态下弯曲和扭转变形微分方程，根据杆件变形的边界条件以及杆件之间的变形协调关系，得出了一端固定一端悬臂的弯曲梁在非保向力作用下平面外失稳的特征方程。

The prestressed concrete simple beam compares reinforced concrete beam to compare, the merit includes: Uses the high marking concrete, section minification, the dead weight reduces, may increase the spanning ability; Uses the high strength steel bar, may save the steel products; But raises the sorghum body large scale the crack resistance, increases beam's durability, the concrete total cross-section bearing, has fully displayed the concrete resistant to compression performance superiority, also enhanced Liang's rigidity.

预应力混凝土简支梁较钢筋混凝土梁相比，优点有：采用高标号混凝土，截面尺寸减小，梁体自重减轻，可以增大跨越能力；采用高强度的钢筋，可节约钢材；可大幅度提高梁体的抗裂性，增加梁的耐久性，混凝土全截面受压，充分发挥了混凝土抗压性能的优势，也提高了梁的刚度。

In this paper, draw the idea of beam unit, the bias along the vertical box is divided into a number of oblique beam. On the basis of analysis of the displacement, through positive and oblique coordinate transformation relations, and directly built on the oblique coordinate system to describe the methods of displacement unit space. With potential energy principle is derived in oblique beam element stiffness matrix and the establishment of the finite element formulation. The preparation process of the finite element analysis is used to verify the structure of bias.

本文吸取梁段单元的思想，将斜交箱梁沿纵向划分为若干斜梁段，在位移分析的基础上，通过正、斜交坐标转换关系，直接建立在斜交坐标系内描述单元空间位移的方法，用势能驻值原理推导斜梁单元刚度矩阵并建立其有限单元列式，利用编制的有限元程序进行斜交结构的分析。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。