梁

The properties of blast loading are that it is highly impulsive, exhibiting high-pressures but lasting for a very short duration. The propagation process of shock wave produced in steel-concrete composite beams subjected to blast loading is very short. And there is only small deformation for the beam during the time of the propagation process of wave.

由于爆炸荷载作用时间短、超压峰值大等特点，当爆炸荷载作用于钢－混凝土组合梁上时，将在梁内产生冲击波，冲击波在钢－混凝土组合梁内的传播过程极短，并且在冲击波的传播过程中梁的变形很小，因此，可将冲击波在梁内的传播过程进行独立分析。

Research on Design Theories and Methods of Unseating Prevention Devices Based on the seismic standard of China, the design theories of unseating prevention devices were presented, according to the response spectrum of random loading and the fortify intensity at expansion joints, the design method was put forward. In the light of the use of unseating prevention devices at home and abroad, the choice and methods for installation of the devices are introduced and compared.

4连梁装置设计理论与方法研究考虑场地土的不同地震动参数和桥梁等级的不同，在论文中引入桥梁地震荷载重要系数，并根据冲击荷载的反应谱，提出连梁装置的设计地震力力和位移计算方法；参照国内外的连梁装置设计使用的现状，介绍了多种类型连梁装置的选用及安装方法；对连梁装置缓冲部分不同的构造进行了试验。

For the frame foundation beam with prestressed anchor cable on the linearly elastic Winkler foundation model, elastic two-constant foundation model and isotropic elastic half-space foundation model, the thesis puts up the finite element computation model which can consider the harmonious deformation of the beam and foundation and the influences between the prestressed anchor cables. The limit design idea of the cable foundation beam has been brought out, which can ensure the safety of the beam with the limit capability of the anchor cable. The computing procedure has been given and programmed.

给出了包括线弹性Winkler地基模型、双参数线弹性地基模型以及各向同性弹性半空间体地基模型上预应力锚索地梁有限元力学计算模型，该模型能同时考虑地梁与岩土体的协调变形，各锚索预应力之间的相互影响，并据此编制了计算程序；考虑到锚索地梁的工作特点，提出了锚索地梁的极限状态设计思想，在充分发挥锚索承载力的同时保证了地梁的安全，给出了其具体计算过程和有限元程序。

By comparing their consumptions of materials and deflexions, a suggestion that better effect can be achieved by enhacing its girder height and lessening its webs thickness for long span continuous through girder is presented.

至于连续梁桥，由于其边跨对中间跨的弯矩可起卸载作用，中间支点截面有负弯矩，使梁内所受弯矩沿梁长分布比较均匀，因而有利于充分利用支点附近的梁截面和梁内的预应力筋；此外，由于其桥跨在桥墩上连续，致使变形曲线匀顺，因而对高速行车有利。

Shear lag effect of box girder is important problem in bridge structure designing and construction, however, the experiment calculation method of effective distribution width of flange plate of model T is not accordance with engineering.

箱梁的剪力滞效应是桥梁等结构设计和分析中不可忽视的问题。然而，对箱梁剪力滞效应的影响因素还没有统一的定论，国内外现行设计规范对箱梁剪力滞的分析与计算没作具体的规定，只提出了T型梁翼缘有效宽度的经验取值方法，我国甚至只根据宽跨比规定了T型梁翼缘有效宽度。

For partially prestressed concrete I or T girder bridge,there is no sufficient stiffness owing to damage like prestress loss and cracks etc. The experiments of original and reinforced girders have been proved that the effect is remarkable to apply steel and concrete composite reinforcement method.

部分预应力混凝土I型或T型梁桥，由于预应力损失、裂缝损伤等造成主梁正常使用状态下刚度不足，采用钢-混凝土组合加固主梁，通过原梁及加固梁的加载试验，表明加固效果十分显著。

The continous prestressed concrete girder bridge is divided into three inters,(30m+50m+30m), with the main span of 50m, and 30m-symmetry one.

本预应力混凝土连续梁桥共分为三跨（30m+50m+30m）主跨50m，边跨对称30m；主梁采用单箱单室预应力混凝土箱梁，跨中梁高为1.5m，支座处梁高为2.8m，截面高度按二次抛物线形式变化；桥面净宽为7+2×1.5m；设计荷载为公路-Ⅰ级。

It was pointed out that the calculation formula for stress of laminated beam without pin joint in interlayer under bending experiment from relevant literature is wrong, and the calculation formulas for bending stress of laminated beam with or without pin joint in interlayer were rederived.

指出了有关文献推导出的上下梁层间无销钉连接叠层梁弯曲应力计算公式是错误的，重新推导出了上下梁层间无销钉连接与有销钉连接的叠层梁弯曲应力计算公式，对学生正确理解和认识叠层梁弯曲实验有理论指导意义。

Owing to the complex construction of continuous girder bridges,which is laboursome and time-consuming,people have been thinking about an approach to combining the advantages of the two so as to speed up the building and reduce the work procedures. Thus the "simply-supported-continuous system" is introduced.

但是由于现浇连续梁的施工复杂繁琐、费工费时，人们一直希望将简支梁的批量预制生产和连续梁的优越性能结合起来，用梁或板批量预制生产的方式来加快连续梁的建设速度，以省去繁琐的支模工序，由此产生了将整跨梁板预制、架设就位后在端部浇筑混凝土并张拉预应力使之连续的&先简支后连续&施工法，而形成的体系则被称为&先简支后连续结构体系&。

At the same time, the finite staff element method is used to analyze the influence of beam rigidity; and the two new methods proposed are used to analyze the influence of connect way between piles and beam; and the conclusion is obtained that the rigidity ratio between beam and piles being 0.48 is appropriate; the continuative increase of the rigidity ratio is not significant; the worst condition is that connecting way between piles and beam is hinged; the best condition is that connecting way between piles and beam is rigid. Whether is single-row pile or are double-row piles, when the front of single-row pile or the front of the front-row pile(in the double-row piles) needed excavation, it is supposed to that ought to be carefulness to excavate, because it is that the engineering cost increased greatly.

同时，用有限杆单元法，对双排桩的连梁刚度和用文中提出的方法以桩梁连接方式进行了试验和理论分析得出如下结论：在满足不相互影响排桩间距的情况下，桩顶连梁与桩的刚度比不小于0.48是合适的，此时再增加连梁刚度无意义；桩梁连接为铰结时双排桩受力变形性质最差，刚结时受力变形性质最好；不论是单排桩还是双排桩，桩前和前排桩桩前土体需要开挖时应慎重，因为这种开挖对支护结构影响很大，造价增加很多；双排桩省钱，而且抵抗变形的能力强，值得在工程中研究和广泛应用

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。