梁

To prevent superstructures to fall off during earthquakes , restrainer devices are often needed at expansion joints of bridges to limit the relative displacement between adjacent bridge segments and between bridge deck and the pier at expansion joints .

为防止上部结构在地震中发生落梁破坏，通常采取适当的限位措施来限制相邻梁体和墩梁间的相对位移。

Steel moment-resisting frames with welded beam-to-column connection were traditionally regarded as having excellent performance, and widely adopted in steel constructions, but this opinion changed after the 1994 Northrige earthquake and the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. These earthquakes also arouse engineers to resurvey the behavior of end-plate connections. It is well known that end-plate connections have definite flexibility, which can increase damp, prolong period, and decease swing of structure. So it can reduce the damage, and is one of the best choices for resisting earthquake.

中文题名钢框架梁柱端板连接在循环荷载作用下的破坏机理及抗震设计对策副题名外文题名 Collapse mechanism and design criterion of steel beam-to-column end-plate connections under cyclic load 论文作者郭兵导师顾强学科专业结构工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位西安建筑科技大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数127页关键词钢结构框架结构抗震设计钢框架梁柱端板连接馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TU392 /6 传统观点认为，梁柱焊接刚性连接具有较好的抗震性能，因此在工程中得到了广泛地应用，但1994年的Northrige地震和1995年的阪神地震改变了这种传统观点，这两次地震也引起了工程技术人员对端板连接的再审视。

First, the modal perturbation method based on Ritz vectors is applied to solve the dynamic characteristics of Timoshenko deep beam including the effects of shear deformation and rotational inertia.

首先建立了钢筋混凝土深梁的求解方程，然后提出了求解Timoshenko梁特征值问题的模态摄动法，最后通过算例，说明不同含钢率下钢筋混凝土深梁的自振特性的变化情况。

The behavior of post-tensioned steel beam-to-CFT column connections with energy dissipating bars has been investigated analytically and experimentally. Experimental results demonstrated that the connections possess self-centering response, gap opening and closing at the beam-to-column interface, energy dissipation characteristics, and no inelastic or residual deformation. Moreover analytical predictions correlated well with the experimental results.

以理论分析与试验研究预力钢梁接CFT柱接头含消能钢棒之行为，结果显示含消能钢棒预力梁柱接头确实具有自我恢复能力、梁柱接合面缝隙会开启、有消能效果的特性及梁柱没有非弹性行为及残留变形发生；且理论模拟分析能准确预测其行为。

The behavior of post-tensioned steel beam-to-CFT column connections with energy dissipating bars has been investigated analytically and experimentally. Experimental results demonstrated that the connections possess self-centering capability, gap opening and closing at the beam-to-column interface, energy dissipation characteristics, and no inelastic or residual deformation. Moreover, analytical predictions correlated well with the experimental results.

以理论分析与试验研究预力钢梁接CFT柱接头含消能钢棒之行为，结果显示含消能钢棒预力梁柱接头确实具有自我恢复原形之能力、梁柱接合面缝隙会开启与闭合、消能的特性及梁柱无非弹性行为及残留变形；理论模拟分析亦能准确预测其反覆行为。

The experiments of light-weight steel frames with four types of different semirigid joints were carried out.

在钢框架分析和设计中，一般都假定梁柱之间没有相对转动，梁柱之间夹角不变的完全刚接或者梁柱之间不能传递弯矩，只能独立发生转动的理想铰接。

The dissertation mainly has a research on beam shape of concrete transfer floor. The load form of transfer floor is complicated and the stress-strain changes greatly, so the structure design could be divided into the calculations of rectangular sections in bending, incline plane in shearing, and shear wall structure.

本文以目前广泛使用的梁式钢筋混凝土转换层为研究对象，针对梁式转换层受力复杂，应力应变变化大，重点研究了深梁截面设计法的正截面受弯、斜截面受剪及转换层剪力墙结构的计算，并对转换层结构构造设计进行了分析。

A silicon based piezo-electricity socle girder miniature electric generating apparatus is provided with a silica fixing frame, an oxidizing layer, a platinum/titanium lower metallic layer, a piezo-electricity PZT layer, a platinum/titanium upper metallic layer, an electrode insulation protection layer, and a vibrating base; the structure of the silica fixing frame combines the monocrystal silicon wet method etching and dry-etching to process, whose structure is integrated as a whole, and the center part of the structure is in a socle girder shape, which includes a silicium socle girder and a free end mass block; the piezo-electricity power supply device uses a micro-machining technique to integrally machine, and can realize the integration of the power supply and the microelectronic devices.

一种硅基压电悬臂梁微型发电装置，有硅质固定框架1、氧化层2、铂/钛下金属层3、压电PZT层4、铂/钛上金属层5、电极绝缘保护层6、振动底座7构成；硅质固定框架1的结构是利用单晶硅湿法腐蚀和干法腐蚀相结合完成加工，其结构连为一体，其中心部分的结构为悬臂梁形状，包括硅悬臂梁a和自由端质量块b；压电电源装置利用微加工工艺集成加工，能够很好的实现电源、微电子器件集成。

Calculation of the energy release rate with finite element method is conducted. The concrete beam model is meshed using a method without need of considering the crack-tip singular element.

采用有限元分析方法对三点弯曲混凝土梁的能量释放率进行了计算，在对混凝土梁进行单元划分时，避免使用奇异性单元来模拟梁的裂尖奇异性。

Fault condition includes the descent of cable force, sinkage of bridge tower and structure change of the main girder. Data recorded are cable force, girder stress, girder linetype, frequency response function, mode shape and etc.

其中损伤的形式有索力下降、主梁局部刚度变化以及桥塔不均匀沉降等，监测的参数主要有拉索索力、桥面线型、主梁应变等静态参数以及主梁固有频率、频响函数和振型等动态参数。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。