梁

Then, safety analysis method was constituted considered the typical damage of concrete beam bridge. 5. By amending the reduction rate of loading capacity used in Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culvers (JTG H11-2004), a new reliable index is presented in the same safety standard to reflect the relation between load and resistance. According to the basic principal of calibration method, the recommended gradation index was computed under various factors such as different load combinations, vehicle operating status and different failure modes. With these calculated numerical values, the calculated reliability indexes standard for the estimation of safety degree of in-service concrete girder bridge members was ultimately obtained.6. Based on the related standards and results on crack and displacement that cannot continue to loading at home and abroad, the evaluation grade of the concrete beam bridge is proposed by analogy.

针对材料和构件损伤对混凝土梁式桥抗力的影响，基于材料和构件层次典型损伤的修正计算公式，在结构既有以及时变抗力评估的概率模型基础上，通过误差传递公式获得抗力统计参数，对抗力进行修正，构成了考虑混凝土梁式桥典型损伤的安全性分析方法。5、依据校准法原理，将《公路桥涵养护规范》(JTG H11-2004)中不同类别承载力下降率转化为修改分项系数，分别计算了轴心受压、轴心受拉、受弯、大偏心受压、受剪构件在各种情况下的可靠指标，根据破坏类型对校准结果进行分析，提出了基于可靠度的公路混凝土梁式桥安全性评定等级。6、基于不能继续承载的裂缝和位移的相关国内外规范和研究成果分析，通过类比提出了混凝土梁式桥不能继续承载的裂缝和位移评定等级界限。

The flexural capacity, deformation and failure modes of beams with different parameters can be analyzed using the program, such as types of plan and prestressed tendons(extrenal prestessed tendons, internal unbonded prestressed tendons, internal bonded prestressed tendons), jacking and effective stress in external prestressed tendons, configuration of the deviators, properties of tendon, ratio of span to effective depth of the beam and load pattern, initial loading state at tendon jacking, etc.(3) Nonlinear behaviors of the concrete beam prestressed with external or internal unbonded tendons were studied by the program developed.

本程序可以对任意截面型式的预应力(体外预应力筋、体内无粘结预应力筋、体内有粘结预应力筋)混凝土梁和普通钢筋混凝土梁进行非线性全过程数值分析计算，程序可以就转向块的布置方式、体外预应力筋纵断面形状、体外筋有效预应力的大小及材性、张拉预应力筋时梁的持荷状态等因素对体外预应力混凝土梁在外荷载作用下的强度、变形特征、破坏模式等的影响进行分析研究。

Shear lag effect of box girder is important problem in bridge structure designing and construction, however, the experiment calculation method of effective distribution width of flange plate of model T is not accordance with engineering.

然而，对箱梁剪力滞效应的影响因素还没有统一的定论，国内外现行设计规范对箱梁剪力滞的分析与计算没作具体的规定，只提出了T型梁翼缘有效宽度的经验取值方法，我国甚至只根据宽跨比规定了T型梁翼缘有效宽度。

The result shows that the level of the water quality in Wuliangsuhai Lake has been close to the fifth level from 2003 to 2005. Based on the grass type lakes character and economic loss rate of water due to pollution, the damage extent of utilizing functions of water in Wuliangsuhai Lake is assessed though investigation, monitoring and analysis from 2003 to 2005. Results show that water in Wuliangsuhai Lake has not been suitable for serving as a water source for drinking and swimming.

选用L.D詹姆斯的污染损失—浓度模型，根据2003年～2005年乌梁素海实测水质资料，对乌梁素海湖泊使用功能损害程度进行评价表明：乌梁素海水已不适宜作为饮用水源和游泳用水，作为人体非直接接触的旅游娱乐用水及渔业养殖用水也受到严重威胁(中损害，2003年为重损害)，乌梁素海湖水作为一般居住环境用水呈现逐年改善的趋势(重损害→中损害→轻损害)，湖泊功能整体损害程度相当严重。

Against the curved box girder bridges in highway bridges and urban viaducts,the curved grillage model of the multi-cells curved box girder is built in terms of the shear-flexible grillage method,and the analysis for the vehicle-bridge interaction is performed.

针对公路和城市立交中的曲线箱梁桥，基于剪力柔性梁格法建立了曲线箱梁的梁格模型，进行了车桥相互作用分析。

Based on the study of model test of post-tensioned prestressed concrete box-shaped beam, the feasibility and correctness of this structure being applied for pillar wharf with bridge crane is tested and verified, which provides reference for calculation of post-tensioned prestressed box-shaped beam of bridge crane design This structure can be applied for port construction at large water amplitude area rationally

港口桥吊后张预应力起重机梁的模型试验研究重庆交通学院王多银陈嘉勤摘要通过对后张预应力混凝土箱梁模型试验研究，验证该结构用于桥吊墩式码头的可行性，寻求预应力桥吊箱梁的理论计算依据，并验证其正确性，为后张预应力桥吊箱梁的设计提供参考计算方法，使该结构能科学

The tower plate utilizes stainless steel double bottom plates welded main beam ,by which welding deformation can be reduced,straight linear degree can be guaranteed, main beam rigidity as well as entire beam stability can be strengthened to resist horizontal orientation live load,and tower height can be lowered as well.

塔盘用不锈钢双腹板焊接主梁，能够减小焊接变形、保证主梁的直线度、增强主梁抗水平方向动载荷的刚性和主梁的整体稳定性、降低塔体高度。

To more briefly calculate the accurate solution of the hangingpoint motion parameters of the beampumping unit,the walking beam's swing equation according to the geometry relationship and movement characteristic of the four pitmen mechanism in the beampumping unit is found.

根据游梁式抽油机四连杆机构的几何关系和运动特点，建立了游梁的摆动方程，并由该方程得出了游梁摆角变化规律以及悬点运动的位移、速度和加速度的计算公式，从而给出了求游梁式抽油机悬点运动参数精确解的一种计算方法。

Concerning trimmer beam, this thesis illustrates their common practice, analyzes the key points and in particular introduces the design analysis and construction procedures of the simple-supported steel beam to be adopted as trimmer beam.

托梁拆柱，叙述了托梁拆柱的一般方法及分析要点，重点介绍了采用钢铰接梁作拆柱托梁的设计分析及施工方法。

Combined with practical work,from technological process,erection of consolidation platform and incremental launching platform ,fabrication and installation of slide rail,field assembly of steel box beam and other aspects incremental launching construction technology of steel box beam is introduced in order to provide references for similar works.

结合工程概况，从顶推施工工艺流程、钢箱梁拼装平台及顶推平台搭设、滑道制作安装、钢箱梁现场拼装、钢梁顶推及落梁等方面介绍了主桥钢箱梁的顶推施工技术，以供类似工程参考借鉴。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。