桩结构

How to deal with the restrictions of deep excavation is a very difficult problem. This paper analyzes the restrictions of pile-support structure detailedly, uses a castigatory function to deal with the restrictions, and adds the castigation to the function. Now the problem has changed to solve a minimal problem, and GA can be used to the optimal design successfully.

束条件的处理是遗传算法应用到深基坑支护结构优化的难题和重点，本文详细分析了桩撑支护结构的约束条件，采用了罚函数法对约束条件进行处理并反映到适应度函数上，使其变为无约束的极小值问题，从而使遗传算法得以顺利实施。

The design and calculation of raft foundation ,the topic of whether to remain the permannent building separation for settlement between mair buildings and podiums,the piling design,and calculation for base settlement are introduced.

依据上海地基基础设计规范(DGJ08—11—1999)和《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ3—2002)，结合多年的工程经验，详细阐述了在上海地区进行高层建筑基础设计时结构方案的选择，筏形基础设计与计算，主楼与裙房间是否要设永久沉降缝，桩基础的设计，以及基础沉降计算等常见问题。

These issues mainly include simulation offlexible soil container, selection of dynamic constitution model of soil, simulation of the changing-status non-linearity on soil-structure interface, meshing, treatment of reinforcements in structure,using of symmetry principle and so on.

按照本文的建模原则和计算方法，对土-桩基-结构相互作用体系振动台试验进行三维有限元计算分析，计算中土体采用等效线性模型，利用面-面接触单元考虑土体与结构交界面的状态非线性。

Research conclusions: As a structure of low embankment of soft weak subgrade, beamless slab can satisfy the requirements of ballast and ballastless tracks and can control the structure＇s settlement.

研究结论：无梁板桩柱作为软弱地基低矮路堤结构可以满足有碴或无碴轨道结构的要求，工程沉降达到可控，技术成熟，施工不必碾压路基，简化了施工环节，方便、环保、节约土地，它的推广应用必将具有良好的社会及经济效益。

According to the unique characteristics of the pit edge top-down construction, this dissertation gives a lot of key nodes structural design and construction technique. It solves the problem of steel beam position to be through and local design of such structures as elevator hoistway or stair tunnel and one-column-multi-pile design and construction.

分别解决了梁柱节点位置钢筋穿越的难题；电梯井道或楼梯洞口等位置由于无法合理传递水平力所需做的结构局部补缺设计；一柱多桩的设计和施工方法；支护墙体与主体结构之间的连接所带来的如水平力传递、二次浇筑接缝、支撑穿越墙板止水方法等一系列技术问题。

Bored tunneling of the project between the SongjiangNanjiang station and ZhongxiaoXinsheng station in the Xinzhuang line of Taipei MRT was challenged by the conditions of driving through the underground structure of six panels of the retaining wall ,including the irregular continuous walls and noncontinuous base of foundation piles, beneath the existent tunnels of the Taiwan Railwayand the Taiwan High Speed Railsystem.

台北捷运新庄线于松江南京站与忠孝新生站之间，其潜盾隧道工程必须自营运中的台铁与即将营运高铁隧道结构下方通过，且需穿越既有地铁结构下方之六道挡土壁体，包括不规则之连续壁体及非连续性之基桩群等。

First of all, domestic and abroad research about superstruct梖oundation梥oil interaction is introduced in this paper. The general bearing characters and calculating methods of mat or pile梞at foundation are then explained. Moreover, the interaction sense, analysis pattern and sub梥tructure method are discussed.

本文首先总结了国内外高层建筑上部结构—基础—地基相互作用的研究成果，分析了片筏和桩筏基础的一般受力特点和计算方法；同时，讨论了考虑上部结构—基础—地基相互作用的意义、分析方法和子结构法。

Test results are as follows: Ballastless track structures can effectively improve the dynamic action of train loads on subgrade beds, the measured stresses and acceleration rates are far smaller than those measured with ballasted track structures; axle loads have remarkable influence on dynamic stresses of ballastless track subgrades and have some influence on acceleration responses; speeds of either motor car units or freight trains all have limited effect on dynamic embankment responses; after attenuating over 3 meters high embankment, neither dynamic stresses nor acceleration rates are influential to net cushions at the bottom of column-net structure subgrades

结果表明：采用无砟轨道结构可以有效改善列车荷载对路基基床的动力作用，测得的动应力与加速度值均远小于有砟轨道结构测得的值；列车轴重对无砟轨道路基的动应力影响明显，对加速度响应也有一定影响；无论是动车组还是货物列车，其运行速度对路堤部分的动响应影响均有限；动应力与加速度经3 m 高的路堤后衰减，对桩网结构路基下部的网垫层已基本无影响。

Anti-sliding pile especially the pile with prestressed anchor cable and the foundation beam with prestressed anchor cable including the single beam and the frame, are the new pattern structures of the pile-anchor system that have been widely used in the slide-resistant engineering.

抗滑桩尤其是预应力锚索抗滑桩和预应力锚索地梁是近年来较多地应用于抗滑工程的新型桩锚结构，这些结构的设计理论研究大大滞后于工程应用，其设计计算缺乏相应的规范作指导，存在的问题较多。

In addition, the paper introduces the seismic design of open top floor, the design of steel cover, the test of static bearing capacity of pile and the test of wind tunnel experiment.

此外，本文还介绍了空旷顶层的抗震设计：钢结构屋盖的结构设计；介绍了桩基静载试验和风洞试验的概况及其试验成果。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。