桩

The lateral friction of piles developed with small displacement mutably. At the same time, the tip resistance could not develop. So the tip resistance should be cautiously considered when the bearing capacity of extra long piles was designed.

桩侧摩阻力发挥所需位移较小且有突变性，桩端阻力则基本不能得到发挥，超长桩在承载力设计时应谨慎考虑桩端阻力。

By using a soil modeling of three axes symmetry and considering three dimensions wave effect ,the longitudinal vibration characterisitic is analyzed on condition that a vertical force being harmonious and stimulating force is loaded upon the whole newel stake in the damping soil of homogeneous and detained material.

从三维轴对称土模型出发，考虑桩周土体的三维波动效应，对均质滞回材料阻尼土中完整端承桩在垂直协和激振力作用下的纵向振动特性进行分析，求解得到桩顶频域响应解析解、复刚度和速度导纳，利用卷积定理和傅里叶逆变换，求得半正弦脉冲激振力作用下桩顶速度导纳时域响应半解析解。

Numerical simulation and shaking table tests for acceleration response of piles in liquefiable ground were performed under three earthquake events.

结果表明：三种地震输入下，自下而上沿桩-柱墩长度方向，加速度峰值放大系数变化基本一致且均出现在10～20s时段内，加速度时程曲线的形状也极其相似；压缩0.15g El Centro波输入下加速度反应在砂土层与黏土层过渡带有增大趋势、在地表则有一定程度减小，且压缩0.15g El Centro波较0.15g El Centro波输入下均偏小，0.15g El Cen-tro波输入下自下而上桩的加速度时程幅值和峰值放大系数的试验值、计算值均一直有较大幅度增大；0.5g El Centro波输入下，加速度时程幅值的计算值和试验值在桩折断位置之下一直增大、至砂土层与黏土层过渡带则大大减小，加速度峰值放大系数的试验值和计算值在砂土层与黏土层过渡带突变增大、而在地表则明显减小，且较0.15g El Centro波输入下桩的峰值放大系数要偏小。

At last, with this finite element model, this dissertation gave a relatively complete analysis to the lateral seismic nonlinear dynamic responses of the single pile, and analyzed the pile head's response spectrum, earthquake Fouriers spectrum, then a test parametric sensitivity analysis was taken into consideration, including modulus ratio of pile to soil, soil material damping ratio, earthquake input level.

第二，利用该有限元模型，较为全面地研究了地震荷载作用下的单桩横向非线性动力响应，分析了桩头反应谱、地震波傅里叶谱等，进行了桩土弹性模量比、土体材料阻尼比、地震动输入水平等因素对单桩横向非线性动力响应的参数敏感性分析。

Based on experiences, the calculation method for main parameters and relevant data of pile hammer of vibration pile driver extractor are presented, gives the theoretical basis for the design and application.

结合实践经验，给出了振动沉拔桩机振动桩锤主要参数以及相关数据的计算方法，为振动沉拔桩机振动桩锤的设计和应用提供了理论依据。

The scattering wave velocity potential to the flexible circle pile was the solution of the Laplace equation, which satisfied the cylindrical surface non-homogeneous boundary condition.

采用动力Winkler弹性地基梁模型模拟桩土动力的相互作用，通过求解满足柱面非齐次边界条件的Laplace方程，直接构造波浪对柔性桩的散射速度势，考虑了流体和桩体的相互作用，由解析法给出了埋置圆桩在波浪荷载下的动力响应。

The calculation method of rigidity and reinforcement of different secant pile format is also studied.

随后，研究了不同搭配形式咬合桩作为主体结构使用的可行性，认为荤荤搭配的咬合桩可以作为主体结构一部分使用，但荤素搭配的咬合桩作为主体结构一部分使用要控制素桩的裂缝发展。

The findings indicate that, on the whole, the pattern of load transfer curves of adfreezing stress on a steel pipe pile stem and that of resistance stress on the pile tip are parabola and straight line, respectively; Due to the rheology effect, to different extent, adfreezing stress on the pile stem and resistance stress on the pile tip vary with time and relative displacement of pile-soil, respectively, and the settlement of pile tip varies with time tempestuously within 5 hours of loading, and then approximates to stability.

结果表明：模型钢管桩桩侧冻结力荷载传递函数曲线及桩端阻力荷载传递函数曲线其线状大致分别程抛物线及直线；由于流变效应的影响，桩侧冻结应力及端阻应力随时间有不同程度的变化；桩土相对位移和桩端下沉量开始5h内随时间变化较大，但加载5h后逐渐向稳定方向发展。

The article discusses the law of ground temperature returning to freeze and the variation instance of upper bound on the basis of the cast-in-place pile s data which tested in place in permafrost regions.

结合对冻土区钻孔扩底桩的现场试验数据，论述了灌注桩地温的回冻规律及上限变化情况，通过现场静载试验，比较了扩底桩与直孔桩的抗拔能力，分析了桩周土体冻结强度、地面变化的基本状态。

At last, following the M-method foundation pile internal force and displacement analysis principle recommended by present criterion, it provides a analytic computing method for raking pile and displacement under the interaction of horizontal load and vertical load in project application.

在此基础上，运用Ansys有限元程序对斜桩的水平承载特性进行了数值模拟分析，并主要讨论了桩身倾斜方向和桩身倾角对斜桩水平承载能力的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。