桥拱

The arch pier fixed joint finite element space model is built and analyzed according to different load cases.

建立了拱墩固结点结构分析空间有限元模型，根据不同的施工阶段和成桥后的工况，分别进行空间有限元计算，同时结合三维光弹性实验，分析拱墩固结点整体和各部位的局部应力状

Through the assimilating and analyzing the construction materials and the design of reinforced concrete arch bridges with long span from both domestic and abroad, the thesis studies the effect of the arch axis geometry, rise-span ratio, arch ring section and spandrel structures, as well as the ultimate bearing capacity and stability of the entire bridge on the design of reinforced concrete arch bridge. In addition, in consideration of construction, the thesis also studies the applicability of different construction methods such as cable crane system, stiffened skeleton system, swing construction system and cantilever construction system and correspoindingly economica spans and their applications of the reinforced concrete arch bridges.

本论文通过对国内外大跨径钢筋混凝土拱桥的设计、施工资料的收集及其出现问题的分析，从设计角度研究了拱轴线形、矢跨比、拱圈截面及拱上构造、全桥极限承载能力及稳定性对钢筋混凝土拱桥设计的影响；从施工角度研究了缆索吊装法、劲性骨架法、转体施工法、悬臂施工法等不同施工方法的钢筋混凝土拱桥的经济适用跨径及其适用条件。

Dong Ding around the bridge on both sides of the spandrel, each block has two small circular arch to speed up the discharge will reduce the weight of the deck, to save stone, which is a pioneering undertaking in the history of bridge construction.

在大桥洞顶左右两边拱肩里，各砌有两个圆形小拱，用以加速排洪，减少桥身重量，节省石料，这在建桥史上是个创举。

The Dongping Bridge is a new arcuated built-up system bridges. Half through steel box tied arch and prestressed concrete continuous beam were connected directly, and then the bridge becomes the Cooperation System Bridge with vice-arch.

东平大桥是一种新型的拱梁组合桥，由中承式钢箱系杆拱与预应力混凝土连续梁直接连接形成协作体系，并保留施工过程中的拉杆形成副拱。

The result indicated that reasonably designing of the cable in the cable-stayed arch bridge can reduce the axile force of the entire arch and obviously reduce the hogging moment and the shearing force the skew back.

分析结果表明：与普通拱桥相比，合理的设计斜拉拱组合桥中斜拉索的参数，能够一定程度地降低整个拱肋的轴力，减小拱脚的负弯矩和剪力。

Based on the finite element method, a fresh and unique type of footbridge, a papilionaceous partial tied arch footbridge, was analyzed. The influences to the whole structure's stress behavior, displacements, vibration periods and mode shapes under parabola and arc arch axis were discussed. Different selections of support forms, such as longitudinal slide or longitudinal hinge, led to different behaviors on structure.

针对一种新型而特殊的蝶式部分系杆拱步行桥，基于有限元数值分析比较抛物线形拱轴线和圆弧形拱轴线对整个结构受力、变形、周期和振型的影响，揭示选用纵向滑动支座与纵向不动铰支座时给结构性能带来的不同结果，对结构拉索张拉力的控制给出建议。

Based on the differences between the design value and the survey of the bridge deck elevation in constructing the pre-stressed and so on working condition, the model parameters are identified by ANN, and the beam camber of different sections are given. The results demonstrated that the ANN is efficient and the theoretical results fit well with that of forecasting the beam camber in construction.In this thesis, aim to the beam axis shape be exactitude for design, the internal force of the beam be appeased by design request, the concept of modem cybernetics is applied, At the same time, the effecting parameter has collected. The paper build the ANN model in predicting the beam camber an construction and discuss indetail the extraction of inputting nodes information when quoting the fundamental principle of ANN model and introducing research process of the improved BNN. According to them, ANN is applied in the construction control of prestressed concrete continuous bridge. It is successful for used in the No. 4 bridge of Xiangfan bridge over-crossing Hanriver brideg. To predict the construction camber of by ANN method is useful and effective.

本文以大桥成桥线形满足设计要求和成桥内力控制在设计容许范围内为目的，运用现代控制理论的思想，引用神经网络基本原理，详细介绍BP神经网络的研究过程，从而建立预应力混凝土连续梁桥施工预拱度的神经网络模型，并详细讨论了模型的神经网络结点信息的提取，在工程实例的基础上进行了数值计武汉理工大学硕士学位论文算，数值表明，将神经网络应用于预应力混凝土连续梁桥施工控制，获得了满意的结果，在预应力混凝土连续梁桥施工控制技术研究方面，具有方便有效、精度高的优点，具有良好的应用前景。

The arch bending on the top of the original main arch ring corresponds to every arch rib and the bottom beam on its landscape orientation. As a result it becomes a down arc frame similar to slab-and-beam floor system. On the arch bending and bottom beam just established, standing pillar, main beam, horizontal rib beam and bridge front-panel would be built subsequently. Both ends of the main beam would then be put off the new hat beam made of reinforced concrete. Now, it becomes an upper slab-and-beam floor system. Two decks will be joined together on the middle of the bridge, which forms the ability of spanning and loading.

在原主拱圈拱肋相应位置处增设拱伏，横向增设底梁，形成一个下层弧形的类似肋梁楼盖的结构；在已浇筑好的拱伏与底梁上，继续现浇立柱、主梁和横向肋梁、桥面板，主梁的两端搁置在桥台处新增加的钢筋混凝土台帽梁上，形成一个上层肋梁楼盖结构，并且上下两层楼盖在桥梁跨中互为渗透结合成一个牢固的整体，共同完成了跨越和承载的能力。

Horizontal push will arise Pier displacement of the through arch bridge of concrete-filled steel tubes under the condition of erection of arch ribs , concreting process, transverse beam pouring and installation.

下承式钢管拱系杆拱桥在拱肋安装、钢管混凝土浇筑、横梁安装和现浇横梁、桥面板湿接头时对拱脚产生的水平推力极易造成桥墩位移，通过对不同过程中的水平力计算，确定体外束张拉方案，使水平力通过体外束得以平衡。

By analysis and comparison on the design of two beam-arch combination system bridges, this paper reflects the decisive influence of stiffness ratios of arch to beam in this kind of bridge design directly, and analyzes different design methods of these two bridge on arch rib tie bolt, and other key points for these two kinds of bindges.

本文通过对两座拱梁组合体系桥梁设计的比较和分析，直观地反映了此类桥梁设计中拱梁刚度比的决定性影响；同时分析了两桥在拱肋、系杆等细节的不同设计方法。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。