桥塔

According to theory analysis and example computation, the following conclusions are obtained.1. During the analysis on the cable shape in the suspension bridge"s completion state, the pre-displacement of saddle and the case that the cable and stiff girder commonly bear the second-stage dead load should be considered.2. When supposing the construction ideal initial state in the first time, if the initial state model is established according the cable"s span central sag in the bridge"s completion state, and the reasonable correction formulation is created in the iteration process, the result can converges fast.3. The cable shape in the bridge"s completion state is not parabolic, nor catenary. It is between parabola and catenary. Actually it is funicular polygon closer to the catenary.

通过理论分析和实例的计算表明：1在悬索桥主缆成桥线形分析过程中，须考虑主塔鞍座的偏位以及二期恒载由主缆和加劲梁共同承担的实际情况；2在第一次假设施工理想初态时，以成桥状态已知的主缆跨中垂度建立施工理想初态模型，同时在迭代计算的过程中，建立合理的修正公式，才能使收敛的速度快：3在成桥状态时主缆的线形既不是抛物线，也不是悬链线，而是介于抛物线与悬链线之间，更接近于悬链线的索多边形。

Zhao Xian is the age-old cultural city, many historical sites, with the provincial cultural relics protection for more than 11 of which, Zhaozhou Bridge is the earliest existing, to preserve the integrity of the single shoulder open stone arch bridge, known as the "originator of a bridge in the world" and "Bridge the best in the world," American Society of Civil Engineers has been selected as the 12th Department,"the International Civil Engineering of historical monuments"; Yong-Zhaozhou Bridge and the bridge and said "sister bridge", there are similar; dharani Jingchuang Hailed as "the first Chinese Tower."

赵县是历史悠久的文化名城，名胜古迹众多，拥有省保以上文物11处，其中，赵州桥是现存最早、保存最完整的单孔敞肩石拱桥，被誉为&世界桥梁鼻祖&和&天下第一桥&，被美国土木工程师学会选定为第十二处&国际土木工程历史古迹&；永通桥与赵州桥并称&姊妹桥&，有异曲同工之妙；陀罗尼经幢被誉为&华夏第一塔&。

The concept of influence degree of natural vibration period by cables is shown,and the influence of cables to the property of natural vibration of extradosed cable-stayed bridge s is analyzed by taking Xiaoxihu extradosed cable-stayed bridge in Lanzhou City as an example.

以小西湖矮塔斜拉桥为例，通过引入拉索自振频率影响度的概念，分析了拉索的存在对矮塔斜拉桥自振特性的影响，探讨了矮塔斜拉桥的自振特性与相应连续梁桥的区别；在分析矮塔斜拉桥地震反应的基础上，通过引入振型贡献率的概念，分析了高阶振型对矮塔斜拉桥动力性能的影响；分析了矮塔斜拉桥的振型耦联效应。

With reference to the Shanghai Changjiang River Bridge Project, the three-dimensional finite element model is used to calculate the shear forces of welded studs in anchorage zone of steel and concrete composite pylon of cable-stayed bridge under the action of stay cable forces.

结合上海长江大桥工程，采用空间有限元模型，计算在抖拉索索力作用下钢－混凝土组合索塔锚固区焊钉的剪力，分析焊钉竖向剪力、横向剪力和合剪力分别在索塔竖桥向和横桥向的分布规律。

The most dramatic moment Tower Bridge has witnessed occurred in December 1952 when a London 'Double-decker' bus entered the Bridge while it was opening the point of no return. The bus cleared the gap between the opening bascules.

在伦敦塔桥的历史中最具戏剧性的一幕发生在1952年的12月，有人目击了一辆双层大巴在塔桥升起的时候驶入，当时升起的桥板已经不可能再放下了，于是这辆大巴就卡在两个升起的桥板的中间。

Engineers can thus design pylons that are far more unusual and aesthetically pleasing than has been the case in the past.

工程师在将来也就可以设计出不寻常的，更美的桥塔了。

In regard to cross the river bridge is now formed pontoon, mechanized bridge / trestle, mechanization railway platform, fabricated truss bridge, building bridges and a motorboat, engineering, floating boxes, fabricated steel products such as road series; in the Special Purpose Vehicle and engineering machinery and mechanization of the main pontoon bridge and set up a dedicated delivery vehicles, loading and unloading trucks and other products from the series; in the steel works has developed a road / rail bridge steel structure, metallurgical equipment, various power transmission towers and microwave towers, steel columns, steel poles and other products.

在渡河桥梁方面，现已形成舟桥、机械化桥/栈桥、机械化铁路站台、装配式桁架桥、架桥汽艇、工程浮箱、装配式公路钢桥等产品系列；在专用汽车和工程机械方面主要有舟桥和机械化桥运载及架设专用车、自装卸车等产品系列；在钢结构工程方面开发了公路/铁路桥梁钢结构、冶金设备、各种输变电塔和微波塔、钢柱、钢质电线杆等产品。

Tower Bridge is designed to allow the first carriage passed by, but now there are 40,000 motor vehicles a day through the bridge so that the Tower Bridge traffic has become increasingly busy in the past has been suggested that only pedestrians through the Tower Bridge, but now it seems that, however Is not a realistic idea soured.

塔桥最初设计是为了让马车通过的，但现在每天有40000辆机动车通过大桥，使塔桥的交通变得日益繁忙，过去曾有人建议塔桥只准行人通过，但现在看来那不过是个一点也不现实的馊主意。

Taking Rong hu bridge project as the background, the paper Studies on the optimization of dead load cable tension, construct system of controlling, effect of non-linear factor, limit bearing capacity of structure and spatial stress of concrete-filled steel tubular tower and the combination of girder, which are based on the hybrid cable-stayed bridge.Asking for the maximal deformation of tower and girder to be minimized and cable permissible stress as constraint conditions, the paper tries to solve the ideal dead load cable tension by combining finite element calculation and optimize analysis.

本文以蓉湖大桥工程为背景，就混合梁斜拉桥的成桥恒载索力优化、施工监控体系、过程非线性因素影响、结构极限承载力、索塔和主梁结合部的空间应力分析等问题开展研究：关于索力的优化，是以斜拉桥索塔和梁的最大变位最小为目标，以拉索容许应力为约束条件，采用有限元计算与优化分析相结合的方法来确定斜拉桥的成桥合理恒载索力。

The Construction of Tower Bridge began in 1885 and it was opened 9yrs later by Edward VII the then Prince of Wales, Amidst pomp and ceremony.

塔桥的建造开始于1885年，英国王子爱得华七世，也就是后来的在壮丽的大典上被封的威尔士亲王，在九年之后对外开放了塔桥。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。