格陵兰

West, settling Greenland in 986. Sometime after the year 1000, Erik's son Leif

在公元986年他们在格陵兰开始了殖民。

Never before photographed beneath Arctic ice, the Greenland shark, whose scientific name, Somniosus microcephalus, means 'small-headed sleeper,' has eluded close study until now.

从未在北极圈冰层下进行摄影，格陵兰鲨鱼，它们的学名是：，意思是：小的－有头的冬眠动物，它一直躲避人们对它的研究。

Never before photographed beneath Arctic ice, the Greenland shark, whose scientific name, Somniosus microcephalus, means 'small-headed sleeper,' has eluded close study until now.

从未在北极圈冰层下进行摄影，格陵兰鲨鱼，它们的学名是：，意思是：小的－有头的冬眠动物，它一直躲避人们对它的研究。以前是路过的，现在是过路的。。。

Never before photographed beneath Arctic ice, the Greenland shark, whose scientific name, Somniosus microcephalus, means 'small-headed sleeper,' has eluded close study until now.

从未在北极圈冰层下进行摄影，格陵兰鲨鱼，它们的学名是：，意思是：小的－有头的冬眠动物，它一直躲避人们对它的研究。谢谢您的阅读，您是本文第228672个阅览者关闭窗口

Though physiographically and ethnically a part of the continent of North America , Greenland has been politically associated with Europe since the 18th century, specifically Denmark .

虽然在地理上和种族上属于北美大陆，但格陵兰岛从18世纪以来，在政治上就隶属欧洲，特别是丹麦。1979年，丹麦给予格陵兰地方自治。

This record provides a perspective on recent changes in the Arctic and predates by approximately 80,000 years the oldest stratigraphically intact ice core recovered from the Greenland Ice Sheet.

此记录提供了关于北极最近的变化角度和大约8.0万年的最古老的地层完整冰芯从格陵兰冰盖的恢复早。

A large meltwater stream rushes across the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet filling a supraglacial lake.

一个大融水流草席横跨格陵兰冰盖填补supraglacial湖面。

Iceland is far enough north, like Greenland, to be entirely covered by ice, but more than one third of iceland is volcanically active.

其实冰岛处于够北端的了，它也像格陵兰一样完全被冰雪覆盖；可是有超过三分之一是活动的火山地带。

In 1966 he wintered with the Polar Eskimos of North-West Greenland in order to learn their ways and techniques on the ice.

然后他怀着凌云壮志返回英国，争取那些著名的极地探险家的支持，以便皇家地质学会批准他跨越北冰洋的探险计划。1966年，为了学会生活在格陵兰西北部极地爱斯基摩人在冰雪上的生活方式与技能，他与他们生活了一个冬天。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。