格式

The characteristic approximation is used to handle the convection part along the direc-tion of fluid namely characteristic direction to ensure the high stability of the method in approximating the sharp fronts and reduce the numerical diffusion; The mixed finite element spatial approximation is employed to deal with diffusion part and approximate the scalar unknown and the adjoint vector function optimally and simultaneously; In order to preserve the integral conservation of the method, we introduce the modified characteristic method.

该方法对方程的对流部分沿流体流动的方向即特征方向离散以保证格式在流动的锋线前沿逼近的高稳定性，消除数值弥散现象；对方程的扩散部分采用最低次混合有限元方法离散、同时以高精度逼近未知函数及未知函数的梯度；为保证方法的整体守恒性，在格式中引入修正项。

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

An extended hyperbolic mild-slope equation, which can take such terms as wind input, bottom friction and nonlinearity of wave into account, here has been deduced into a parabolic one in the form of a series of governing equations described with complex amplitude. It became a complete wave model when integrated with corresponding physical and imaginary boundaries, and can be solved through the improved Crank-Nicholson or the well known Alternating Direction Implicit difference method, both of which can accelerate the convergent speed , expand limitation of the mathematical method and improve the quality of the solution.

本文基于综合考虑底摩阻、风能输入及非线性影响的推广双曲型缓坡方程，将其进行转换，产生一个演变方程，其复振幅控制方程为抛物线性，并采用ADI差分格式、改进的Crank-Nicholson格式及相应的物理和虚拟边界条件进行求解，以提高数值模拟的适用性、数值计算的稳定性、收敛速度及精度。

The alternating group iterative method is used to solve the implicit scheme and the Crank-Nicolson scheme of the dispersive equation.

数值试验对色散方程的隐格式与Crank-Nicolson格式分别应用交替分组迭代求解。

For accelerating this problem's compute time in parallel computer, we use Saul'yev type asymmetric different scheme and classicality explicit-implicit type to get a new alternating group explicit method for solving diffusion equation.

为便于在并行计算机上计算以加快计算速度，现将第二类saul'yev非对称格式以及古典显、隐式相结合，构造了求解扩散方程的一类交替分组显格式，其基本结构为四点组，并针对内点为偶数的情况，在节点两端点处进行了处理，以提高精度。

Firstly, the thesis introduced the development of VOD, the background and meaning of the program, then the author introduced the associated technology, mainly including the feature of multimedia, video compression technology and the protocols SCTP and RTP. Considering the ambulant of host , fluctuation of bandwidth,high error rate data in wireless networks ,the author proposed some QoS strategy in the wireless networks such as RTP/SCTP protocol stack , connection control of the server, two buffers in the client end point.,TFC congestion control algorithms ,etc. Based these strategies, the team members gives the software and hardware solution of the wireless video-on-demand system and gives the main modules design of the software system. The system adopted the C/S structure including two parts: server and client ,using the Mpeg-2 which is apporiate for networks as the supported format. The thesis emphatically researches on the video-serving module of the server and the sink module, player module of client.

本文首先介绍了视频点播系统的发展现状、课题的研究背景和意义；接着对课题的相关技术进行概述主要包括了多媒体特点，压缩技术，传输协议SCTP以及RTP；针对无线环境的节点移动性，带宽波动性，数据错误率高等三大特点，作者研究设计了无线环境下的QoS策略：RTP/SCTP协议栈，服务器准入控制机制，客户端双缓冲区，TFRC拥塞控制机制等；在这些策略的基础上设计了系统的软硬件解决方案，并对软件体系结构的主要模块进行了设计，整个视频点播系统采用C/S结构，由服务器，客户端2个部分组成，使用适合网络传输的流媒体格式Mpeg-2作为系统支持的格式，文中重点研究了服务器的视频服务模块以及客户端的接收模块和播放器模块，并利用线程池技术对系统进行实现。

In accordance with Paragraph 3 of the Rules, the Complainant shall be required to send or transmit its complaint under cover of the Complaint Transmittal Coversheet set out in Annex A hereto and posted on the Center's web site.

投诉传送格式文件封面根据规则第3条，投诉人应按照中心网站所发布的附件A中所设定的投诉传送格式文件封面的格式发送或传送其投诉书。

In accordance with Paragraph 3 of the Rules, the Complainant shall be required to send or tramit its complaint under cover of the Complaint Tramittal Coversheet set out in Aex A hereto and posted on the Center's web site.

投诉传送格式文件封面根据规则第3条，投诉人应按照中心网站所发布的附件A中所设定的投诉传送格式文件封面的格式发送或传送其投诉书。

In accordance with Paragraph 3 of the Rules, the Complainant shall be required to send or tra mit its complaint under cover of the Complaint Tra mittal Coversheet set out in A ex A hereto and posted on the Center's web site.

投诉传送格式文件封面根据规则第3条，投诉人应按照中心网站所发布的附件A中所设定的投诉传送格式文件封面的格式发送或传送其投诉书。

Format - This is the format of the data stored in the buffer. Direct3D 10 has many predefined format types including: 16, 32, 64 and 128 bit formats, signed and unsigned formats, typed and typeless formats, and integer and floating-point formats.

格式：这是在缓存中存储数据的格式。D3D10由许多预定义的格式类型，包括16，32，64，128位数据，有符号和无符号数据，有类型和无类型数据，以及整数和浮点数。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。