根细胞

So, endomycorrhiza was formed betweenD. candidum roots and strain AR-15. There were several nucleoli and nuclei in thecortical cells next to exodermis when a nucleus transfer across the cell wall wasobserved. Sometimes plant roots were damaged by strain AR-15. The microstructure of D.

真菌AR-18倾向于根生长，在根周围形成了一个包围圈，由根被细胞侵入外皮层通道细胞及其相邻的皮层细胞，然后向其他皮层细胞推进；真菌菌丝也可由皮层细胞侵入外皮层细胞。

Myconrrhizal fungus infected the cortical cells and formed pelotons in the cells, after it penetrated the exodermal passage cells through velamen cells. It is interesting that strain AR-18 also penetrated exodermis from the cortical cell next to it, where mycelium grew vigorously and infected inner cortical cell, even a few mycelium penetrated endodermis while there was no mycelium in the fibrovascular bundles.

真菌AR-15与金钗石斛一起培养时，真菌菌丝与根被细胞密切接触并侵入根被细胞，也可通过侵入根毛进入根被细胞，由根被继续侵入外皮层通道细胞，进一步向皮层细胞侵染；部分根被真菌危害，根部组织内有大量真菌孢子和菌丝。

Strain AR-15 penetrated the exodermal passage cells through the velamen cells or root hairs and further infected the cortical cells. There were a number of spores and hyphae in plant roots that was damaged by strain AR-15. Study on the ultrastructure of D. nobile root and its endomycorrhizal formationshowed that the wall of velamen cells of D. nobile root was thin, and there were waxylayers outside of velamen. Cells of exodermis were arranged tidily, having thick wallsand chloroplast.

金钗石斛根及其菌根的超微结构研究表明，金钗石斛根的根被细胞薄壁，在最外层根被细胞之外覆盖着蜡质层，外皮层细胞排列整齐，细胞壁厚，内含叶绿体，靠近外皮层的皮层细胞含叶绿体、线粒体，皮层细胞壁薄，细胞核明显，周围有叶绿体围绕，细胞膜附近有小泡结构。

Root hair was not present on the roots of this plant. Root of D.candidum possesses the typical root structure of orchids including velamen, exodermis,thick cortical tissue, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundle and pith. Strain AR-18grew toward D.

真菌AR-18倾向于根生长，真菌在根周围形成了一个包围圈，并侵入根被细胞，由根被继续侵入外皮层通道细胞，进一步向皮层细胞侵染，在皮层细胞内形成菌丝结，从而形成内生菌根。

To produce the scientific evidence for developing and manufacturing new antitumor drugs.Methods: 1 The inhibitory effect on cell growth of Hela was measured by MTT assay in treated or untreated groups (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50μg/ml TAM and control) for three different treatment times (24h, 48h and 72h).2 Apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by FCM in four experimental groups (0, 4, 16, 40μg/ml TAM) for 48h.3 Adopting Wright and Giemse's staining to observe the morphology of Hela cells which treated with 40μg/ml TAM.4 Using invasion experiment to detect the Hela cells'invasive abilities which treated with 40μg/ml TAM.5 The protein expressional levels of P-ERK, ERK, C-myc and Cyclin D1 in Hela cells untreated or treated with 4, 16, 40μg/ml TAM for 24h were measured by Western blot.6 Expression of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2, apoptotic gene bax and MMP-9 in Hela cells of four experimental groups (0, 4, 16, 40μg/ml TAM for 24h), were observed by revers transcription PCR.7 The protein expression of P-ERK, ERK, Bcl-2 and Bax in Hela cells treated with 40μg/ml TAM for 24h observed by laser scanning microscopes.

1采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测不同浓度北豆根总碱(3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50μg/ml)处理不同时间(24、48和72小时)对Hela细胞增殖反应的抑制作用。2采用流式细胞技术(flow cytometry，FCM)检测不同浓度北豆根总碱(0、4、16、40μg/ml)作用48小时，对Hela细胞凋亡及周期变化的影响。3瑞氏-姬姆萨染色后显微镜观察北豆根总碱(0、40μg/ml)作用24小时后Hela细胞形态学变化。4采用Transwell小室法检测北豆根总碱(0、40μg/ml)作用24小时后对Hela细胞侵袭性的影响。5采用免疫印迹方法检测不同浓度北豆根总碱(0、4、16、40μg/ml)作用24小时后，Hela细胞中磷酸化ERK、ERK、C-myc、CyclinD1的表达变化。6采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(revers transcription PCR，RT-PCR)半定量检测北豆根总碱(0、4、16、40μg/ml)作用24小时，Hela细胞抗凋亡基因bcl-2、促凋亡基因bax、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达变化。7应用激光共聚焦显微镜(laser scanning microscope，LSM)观察北豆根总碱(0、40μg/ml)作用24小时后，Hela细胞内P-ERK、ERK、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达变化。

Analysing ustiloxins inhibiting plant cell mitosis The inhibition experiment of growth of garlic radicle showed that there were more cells in the telophase stage in the garlic radicle dealed with culture filtrate of Ustilaginodea virens than those dealed with H2O. The cell volume of the former was bigger than that of the latter. So it seemed that ustiloxins could inhibit the cell mitosis, but not in the cell elongation.

毒素对植物细胞分裂的抑制作用分析：用大蒜根尖做抑制试验，发现用稻曲病菌培养滤液处理过的大蒜根尖呈分裂末期的细胞数目明显多于相同条件浙江大学硕士学位论文下对照的数目，抑制率为69%，且细胞明显比对照的细胞大，说明毒素抑制根尖细胞的有丝分裂，但不能抑制细胞的伸长。

The electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis revealed that there were no deposits of LREEs in the Casparian band of fern adventitious root.

用电子透射电镜观察和X-射线能谱分析植物的不定根的结果表明，并没有轻稀土元素沉积在植物根细胞的凯氏带上。

Root border cells are recently defined alive population sloughed from root tips and loosely adhered in the water soluble mucilage, and the root tip is just the target of Al toxicity, thus it was guessed that border cells might function crucially in the response to Al toxicity.

根边缘细胞是从根尖脱落下来并聚集在根尖周围的一群特殊的细胞，在根际周围起着至关重要的作用，国内外研究表明铝毒对植物影响最快的部位是根尖，而根边缘细胞在根尖产生并聚集根尖周围，因此推测根边缘细胞在根对铝毒响应中起重要作用。

Halophytes are adapted to obtain water from soil water with a higher osmotic pressure than normal soil water, so they need to be able to accumulate a high concentration of salts in their root cells.

盐土植物的渗透压高于土壤，这样就可以从土壤中吸收水分，所以它们的根细胞中积累了高浓度的盐分。

Teacher: Onion root tip cells, that's what's on your slides right now.

老师：洋葱根细胞，这就是你们的幻灯片。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。