根的生长

Hairy roots were induced from tobacco leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA1334 harboring agropin type PRil855 and binary vector PIG121HM carrying a kanamycin resistant gene nptll and GUS gene and the good hairy root clones were selected. The root with many root hairs and branches grew vigorously toward all the direction on MS medium without plant hormone and on kanamyain containing medium (km:30mg/L). The structure of the hairy root tip is different from that of ordinary root. Witch was not typical root cap maybe the main cause of losing the geotropism of hairy root. Plantlet regenerated from hairy root when cultured on Ms medium without plant hormone. The nicotine content of the hairy root was little higher than that in the natural roots.

本研究通过发根农杆菌工程菌LBA1334(含有野生型pRi1855质粒和pIG121HM双元载体质粒，编码NPTⅡ基因和GUS基因)转化烟草沙姆逊，获得了具有卡那霉素抗性烟草发状根，并筛选出良好的单克隆株系，该发状根具有典型的发状根特性(多根毛、多分支、在无激素培养基上快速生长)，通过根尖压片分析，烟草发状根不具备典型的根冠；发状根中烟碱含量1.61％稍高于与天然栽培品种母体根的含量(1.5％左右)，发状根向培养液中释放烟碱，释放量最多时占总烟碱量的81.1％；在无激素的培养基上获得了再生植株。

The normal maize seedling establishment is initiated by the growth of embryoshoot and radicle in the seed upon seed germination.

玉米植株个体的生长发育始于种子中的胚根和胚芽，而种子萌发是胚根和胚芽生长的起始阶段。

This paper gives introduction on measures of Rooting- zone restriction. The theoretical basis (Above and below ground correlation、Local root nutrition、Growth redundancy)、Rooting-zone restriction to the growth and development of plants、Rooting-zone re- striction RZ...

本文介绍了园艺作物限根栽培的措施和理论，依据地上和地下相关性、根系局部营养生长冗余、限根对植株生长发育的影响、限根的生理反应和作用机制以及限根技术的应用等方面探讨了其在蔬菜栽培中的应用。

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

By using microcalorimetric method, the growth thermogenetic curves of Rhizopus nigricans inhibited by four kinds of heavy metal ions are determined, parameters such as growth rate constants k, inhibitory ratio I, and half inhibitory concentration IC 50 etc.

用微量热法测定了Cu~(2+)，Cd~(2+)，Hg~(2+)，Pb~(2+)等四种重金属离子对黑根霉菌生长抑制的产热曲线，得到了黑根霉菌在不同条件下的生长速率常数k，抑制率I，半抑制浓度IC_(50)等参数。

Significance:(1)The phenomenon that soluble proteins coming from sciatic nerve segment under going Wallerian degeneration make axonal number of the dorsal root ganglia decrease and axons adhere to each other are first observed in our essay.

变性神经段中可溶性因子能够促进神经元轴突的生长、轴突直径增加；通过形成浓度梯度诱导轴突生长的方向、减少背根神经节再生轴突数目和使背根神经节轴突之间相互粘附。

But after about a month to restore the root system, the leaves of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in treatment 5, 6, 7, 8, 2 gradually higher than the control. This is because the absorption of fertilizer during this period shown to promote on the elements, and with the passage of time the processing elements continue to be reduced to a leaf until the latter part of the growing season is also higher than the control.3.The pH value in rhizosphere soil of treatments poplar plantation were lower than that in non-rhizosphere soil, but the content of organic,available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, utility cuprum and utility zincum were all higher than those in non-rhizosphere soil.

但是经过大约一个月的根系恢复，处理5、处理6、处理7、处理8、处理2叶片中的N、P、K逐渐高于对照，这是因为施肥对元素的吸收在这一期间开始表现出了促进作用，并且随着时间的推移各处理中元素含量持续降低至落叶，直至后期的生长季节也高于对照。3、各处理的杨树林地根际土壤pH值均低于非根际土壤，而有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效铜和有效锌的含量均高于非根际土壤，与其它处理相比，80cm两侧断根施肥处理的根际土和非根际土壤速效养分含量最高，差异达显著水平。

This study is focused on fine root production and its contribution to the belowground C and N storage in forest ecosystem of the Changbai Mountain Reserve, Jilin Province of China.

本研究以我国东北长白山自然保护区内典型的森林生态系统为对象，对细根的生长和周转，及其对地下碳、氮贮量的贡献进行了系统的研究。

Using normal roots from aseptic seedlings and hairy trots originated from Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4-mediated genetic transformation of L.

目的：探索光照和植物生长物质对宁夏枸杞无菌苗正常根和发状根离体生长的影响，建立离体根的最佳培养体系。

The other component had a wide distribution range and smaller kurtosis. Root longevity, analyzed by growing-season cohort, was characterized by each of the four theoretical probability distributions: Normal, Welibull, Lognormal, and Exponential.

第一组分的分布峰度较高，寿命较小，且细根均在一个生长季死亡，是细根的主要组成部分；第二个组分的峰度较低，分布平缓，寿命分布范围较大，且细根在两个生长季死亡。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。