根源

In its early development common law was largely a product of three English courts—King's Bench, Exchequer, and the Court of Common Pleas—which competed successfully against other courts for jurisdiction and developed a distinctive body of doctrine. The term "common law" is also used to mean the traditional, precedent-based element in the law of any common-law jurisdiction, as opposed to its statutory law or legislation, and also to signify that part of the legal system that did not develop out of equity, maritime law, or other special branches of practice.

关于普通法的历史基础和传统在英国法律史学家S·F·C·密尔松的《普通法的历史基础》和美国法理学家卡尔·N·卢埃林的《普通法的传统》中已经说得十分清楚，而对于普通法之所以有如此强大的生命力的根源以及普通法的精神，美国社会法学学派创始人、美国哈佛大学法学院院长罗斯科·庞德（Roscoe·Pound）则在其《普通法的精神》一书中进行了精辟的阐述。

It made a multi-dimensional exposition on the source of the reading mode's evolution, from horizontal (the mingling and clash between eastern and western culture) to historical (the rupture of ancient and contemporary culture); from synchronous (the clash among mainstream, elite and commonage culture and culture structure) to diachronic (culture turbulence in the century's end transition).

从横向(东西方文化的交融与冲击)到纵向，从共时(主流、精英、大众三种文化构成间的冲突)到历时(世界末的文化转型期造成的文化动荡)，多维度地阐述了造成阅读消费方式变更的根源。

In order to find a stable approximate solution of linear compact operator equation, the article introduces general theories about ill-posed problems, it bases on spectral theory of self-adjiont compact operators and the singular value decomposition for compact operators, avails singular system to give expression of the solution, and explains ill-posedness of compact operator equation roots in the property that the singular values trends to zero. Thereout, it is provided with theoretic support of building up regularization method by inducting regularization filter to weaken or filtrate the influence that the nature of the singular value being very close to zero has on the solutions stability.

为了得到线性紧算子方程稳定的近似解，介绍了不适定问题正则化的一般理论，以自伴紧算子的谱分析与紧算子奇异值分解为理论基础，利用奇异系给出了解的表达式，说明了紧算子方程不适定性的根源在于紧算子的奇异值趋于零的性质，由此通过引入正则化滤子函数来减弱或滤掉奇异值趋于零的性质对解的稳定性的影响，构造正则算子，从而提供了建立正则化方法的理论依据。

The root decides the status and the work responsibility of the chief financial officer in the company.

该制度诞生的根源决定了财务总监在公司治理中的地位和所承担的工作职责。

The village society governance complex main root to authority shape and authority main body multiplicity.

乡村社会治理的复杂性主要根源于权力形态和权力主体的多样性。

Power corruption as a comprehensive social phenomenon, its root causes are complex and involve economic and political, ideological, cultural, ethical and other reasons, the power of corruption detrimental to society.

权力腐败作为一种综合的社会现象，其产生的根源复杂，涉及经济政治、思想、文化、伦理等多方面的原因，权力腐败的社会危害性大。

The "Taiwan independence" fallacy has a complex social-historical root and international background.

"台独"的产生有着复杂的社会历史根源和国际背景，而台湾当局拒绝两岸和谈、限制两岸交往、在国际上推行"双重承认"和"两个中国"的政策，在实际上煽动"台独"活动。

Secondly, commencing with the human error theory, the author traces human errors back to their cultural root in the complex socio-technical system, as thus establishes the assessment system of enterprise safety culture and its conceptual model, in which decision level, management level, and execution level are principal parts, which is studied from two aspects of macroscopic and microscopic, which is described from two perspectives of period and time point, and which is discussed in two environments of external and interior.

2从人因失误理论出发，探究了复杂社会技术系统中人因失误的安全文化根源，由此创建了以企业决策层、管理层、执行层为主体的，从宏观和微观两个层面、基于时期和时点两种时间视角、外部环境和内部工作环境两种空间环境视角的企业安全文化评价体系，给出了其概念模型。

The development of the Marxism is filled with complication.

马克思主义的基本原理，是"三个代表"的历史根源。

What he underestimated was the total unabashed complicity of the upper class of American capitalism...

这一切解释了问题的根源在于金融产业链所有环节的责任断裂。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。