根段

The organic geochemistry characteristics of source rocks and oil sands in Well Hu 41,Well Hu 83 in Huzhuangji area are studied,by which a preliminary judgement is made that the type of kerogen of Es_3 source rock is a mixed type with high maturity,and its depositional environment is saltness reduction one.

通过对胡状集地区胡41井、胡83井等烃源岩和油砂进行有机地球化学特征研究，可以初步判定胡状集地区沙三段烃源岩干酪根类型为混合型，成熟度较高，沉积环境为咸化的还原环境；沙三段原油属于成熟原油，沙二段原油属于低熟原油；沙三段原油为自生自储原油，沙二段原油与沙三段原油不同源。

Especially, the number of type Ⅰ complex terminals which come from unmyelinated afferent fibers recovered to the level of unoperated side. It indicates that morphine may promote the collateral sprouting and synaptic reinnervation of primary afferent fiber, unmyelinated afferent in particular. 4. Although the collateral sprouting and synaptic reinnervation were shown also in spinal cord of operated side in 34 days spared root rats, they were slower than that of morphine spared root group.

表明吗啡促进了备用根初级传入纤维，特别是无髓纤维更快地向L〓脊髓段侧支出芽，稍后在L〓平面脊髓内侧支出芽以及突触重建。4、34天备用根大鼠术侧脊髓内也有侧支出芽和突触重建，不过侧支出芽的速度要比吗啡组慢。5、电镜定量结果也显示，吗啡备用根大鼠和备用根大鼠术侧备用根的无髓纤维数比备用根大鼠非手术侧的分别增多60％和42％。

Methods: The distal 1/3 of eighty humeri was scanned by 16 layer spiral CT. The morphologic features of the intramedullary bony prominence above the olecranon fossa were observed and described on coronal, sagittal and transverse section after three-dimensional reconstruction. Then the distal 1/3 of twenty humeri was splitted vertically along the coronal midline for observing the intramedullary bony crista.

应用16层CT对80根肱骨远段1/3进行扫描，三维重建成像后，从冠状面、矢状面和横截面观察并描述鹰嘴窝上髓腔内骨性突起的形态特点，然后将20根肱骨远段1/3在冠状面上从中线纵行剖开，对髓腔内骨嵴行直观的观察。

Methods 47 patient were treated with pedical screw fixation and spinal fusion for grades I and 2 isthmic spondylolisthesis. In 22 patients posterior lumbar fusion was performed, and in 25 patients posterior lumbar interbody fusion was performed. Two groups were compared for clinical outcome, radiographic date (include: correction of slippage, disc space height, segmental lordosis and fusion rate) and complication rate.

Ⅱ度以内腰椎峡部裂型滑脱共47例，一组22例，椎弓根器械复位固定后行PLF；另一组25例，椎弓根器械复位固定后行PLIF对两组的临床疗效、X线影像学结果（包括：滑脱矫正、滑脱节段椎间隙高度改变、滑脱节段前突角改变及骨融合）及并发症进行对比观察。

The result shows that for both PCL homopolymers and PCL-b-PEG block copolymers, the spherulitic linear growth rate first increases with molecular weight and reaches a maximum, then decreases as molecular weight increases. Crystallization temperature has greater influence on the spherulitic growth rate of polymers with higher molecular weight.

当自由PEG在水中的占有面积S_o与单根PEG链段所占有的表面积S的比值S_o／S的值接近或小于3时，PEG链段对胶束形状的影响较小，PCL嵌段的影响占主导地位，易形成片状胶束；当S_o／S的值在3-10之间时，随着PCL嵌段分子量的增加，PCL-b-PEG嵌段共聚物在水溶液中自组装形成类似球状、棒状和蠕虫状胶束，是PEG与PCL嵌段共同的作用的结果；当S_o／S的值大于10时，易形成球状胶束。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The experiment of the auxiliary heated arc plasma generator shows that thekey arc root has contraction under the condition of having magnetic field when thekey arc root is at the edge of the cathode surface.

在辅助加热电弧等离子体发生器的实验中看到：在有外磁场的情况下，主弧弧根在阴极边缘时，弧根有收缩的迹象，而当主弧弧根在阴极中心附近时，观察不到明显的弧根收缩迹象，并拍摄到有双弧柱的图片；当关掉磁场和弧电流〓时，主弧在阴极和阳极之间稳定的燃烧，主弧弧根稳定在阴极中心附近的一点上，而且弧根没有收缩的迹象，主弧弧根亮区的直径约为6.8毫米，与弧柱段的亮区直径相差无几；因而从实验结果分析可以看出，阴极表面温度的升高，能使主弧弧根直径增大：另一方面，由于主弧弧根直径的增大(即也意味着主弧弧根截面积的增大)，因而使电弧通过主弧弧根传入阴极表面的有效比热流降低，从而减少了阴极烧损。

To achieve this, the or each steam generator pipe (22, 50, 60) has a respective downpipe section (34, 52, 62, 64), which is approximately vertical and through which the flow medium can flow downwards and a respective riser pipe section (36, 54, 66, 68) connected downstream of the downpipe on the flow medium side, which is approximately vertical and through which the flow medium can flow upwards.

为达到此目的，按本发明这一根或每根蒸汽发生器管(22、50、60)分别包括一个近似垂直布置可被流动介质沿向下的方向流过的下降管段(34、52、62、64)和一个沿流动介质流向连接在该下降管段下游的、近似垂直布置并可被流动介质沿向上的方向流过的上升管段(36、54、66、68)。

I am using a Comet UH6V and will be changing to a different antenna soon, probably and planning on using a Ham Stick for 10, a Larsen NMO-50 for 6 and the Larsen 2/70 for 144/440 or maybe a Comet SB-15 and a HamStick and then one less duplexer.

我正用的是COMET的VH6V，不久就要换成其它天线，大概的计划是使用HAM STICK的型号10的天线，一根LARSEN NMO-50用在6米段，LARSEN 2/70用在144/440这两段，或者是一根COMET SB-15天线和一根HAMSTICK天线，再加上一个双工器。

Methods The number of synaptic terminals in the unit area of neuropil of L4 spinal lamina Ⅱ was compared between morphine dependent and control rats,because there was no significant change in the crosscut area of L-4 spinal lamina Ⅱ of two groups of animal,which was estimated by aid of LM stereological method.

在此基础上，我们曾用吗啡依赖大鼠制作备用根模型(即切除动物一侧腰段背根和背根节，仅保留L4背根作为备用根)，目的是观察经过吗啡作用的大鼠脊髓产生的微环境变化，对备用根初级传入纤维侧支出芽和突触重建的影响。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。