核型

Chemotaxis is involved in the whole life cycle of Dictyostelium, a simple social amoeboid organism displaying chemotactic behavior very similar to that observed in higher eukaryotic cells.

黏菌的生活史中，从生长期的吞食细菌到发育期的聚集与型变，趋化运动都参与其中，且无论在行为上或牵涉的分子都与高等真核细胞非常相似。

The stable clones are further identified by RT-PCR and Western blot; 6 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of cells (AGS, SGC7901, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 7 Soft agar assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the clonality of cells (AGS, MKN28); 8 Nude mice assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28); 9 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell cycle distribution of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 10 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell apoptosis of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3); 11 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR) in vitro; 12 SRCA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR) in vivo; 13 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on adriamycin accumulation of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR); 14 Transmission electron microscope is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of SGC7901 cells towards drug-induced apoptosis; 15 Flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay are used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60/VCR) towards drug-induced apoptosis; 16 Microarray is used to investigate the profiling of ZNRD1-responsive genes in gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28, SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR); 17 RT-PCR and Western blot are used to identify the results of microarray; 18 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1; 19 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of MDR1; 20 Kinase assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the activity of cyclin E-CDK2 kinase; 21 The antisensenucleic acids of p21 is used to inhibit the expression of p21, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p21 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 22 The antisensenucleic acids of p27 is used to inhibit the expression of p27, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p27 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 23 Liposome is used to up-regulate the expression of Skp2, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of Skp2 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 24 Western blot is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the stability of Skp2 and p27 in gastric cancer cells; 25 MVD assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the angiopoietic activity of gastric cancer cells; 26 ELISA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the expression of VEGF165 in gastric cancer cells; 27 The roles of DARPP-32 in MDR of gastric cancer cells are investigated using gene transfection, MTT assay, SRCA, flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay.

应用杂交瘤技术制备ZNRD1的首个单克隆抗体；2）利用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测ZNRD1在胃癌组织、胃炎组织、正常胃上皮组织、胃癌细胞和正常胃组织上皮细胞中的表达；3）构建ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体，并测序鉴定；4）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的真核表达载体及其空载体转染胃癌细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28）和小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3），G418筛选后进行鉴定；5）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体及其空载体转染药敏胃癌细胞（SGC7901）、正常胃组织上皮细胞（GES-1）、对长春新碱耐药的胃癌细胞（SGC7901/VCR）、药敏白血病细胞（HL-60）、对长春新碱耐药的白血病细胞（HL-60/VCR），G418筛选后进行鉴定；6）利用MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）生长的影响；7）通过软琼脂克隆形成实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞克隆形成能力的影响；8）通过裸鼠成瘤实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞体内成瘤性的影响；9）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）的细胞周期的影响；10）通过流式细胞仪分析上调ZNRD1对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3）的凋亡的影响；11）通过MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）体外药物敏感性的影响；12）通过肾包膜下移植法检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR）体内药物敏感性的影响；13）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）内阿霉素蓄积和泵出的影响；14）通过透射电镜检测上调ZNRD1对SGC7901细胞凋亡敏感性的影响；15）通过流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60）凋亡敏感性的影响；16）通过基因芯片检测ZNRD1高/低表达对胃癌细胞内基因表达谱的影响；17）利用RT-PCR、Western blot对基因芯片的结果进行鉴定；18）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1对cyclin D1的启动子活性的调节作用；19）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对MDR1的启动子活性的调节作用；20）利用激酶试验检测ZNRD1对cyclin E-CDK2 激酶活力的影响；21）利用反义核酸技术抑制p21的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p21对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；22）利用反义核酸技术抑制p27的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p27对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；23）利用脂质体转染法上调Skp2的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测上调Skp2对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；24）利用Western blot检测ZNRD1对p27和Skp2的蛋白稳定性的影响；25）利用微血管密度实验检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞裸鼠移植瘤微血管形成的影响；26）利用ELISA检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞培养上清和移植瘤匀浆中VEGF165含量的影响；27）利用脂质体转染法、MTT实验、肾包膜下移植法、流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测新耐药相关分子DARPP-32对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、对阿霉素耐药的胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR）多药耐药表型的影响；利用脂质体转染法和MTT实验检测下调ZNRD1对DARPP-32介导的胃癌多药耐药的调控作用。

A common carp gynogenetic line including 44 individuals derived from the cross Barbless carp Hebao-cold tolerance red carp was used to construct a linkage map using 445 markers (265 AFLP markers, 127 SSR markers, 37 EST-SSR markers and 16 RAPD markers).

用265个AFLP标记、127个微卫星分子标记、37个EST-SSR标记和16个RAPD标记对大头鲤/荷包红鲤抗寒品系的F2雌核发育群体44个个体进行基因型检测，构建鲤鱼遗传连锁图谱。

The laboratory findings of a typical CCML patient comprised of peripheral blood leukocytosis, basophilia and eosinophilia,myeloid differentiation in different stages, and increased megakaryocytes. The immunohistochemical features of the CCML consisted of highly positive MPO and CD68, significant lowering of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase, positive for Philadel- phia chromosome or chimeric BCR/ABL gene, etc. But in most cases of juvenile CCML, the Philadelphia chromosome could not be detected.

临床表现以乏力、低热、贫血、肝脾及淋巴结肿大为主要特点；典型儿童慢性髓细胞白血病的实验室特点有白细胞计数高、嗜酸和嗜碱性粒细胞增多、骨髓不同阶段髓细胞分化和巨核细胞增多；免疫组化提示CD68，髓过氧化物酶，中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分明显减低，Ph染色体或BCR/ABL融合基因阳性，而幼年型CCML的Ph染色体常为阴性。

Compared with different type male-sterile line found at binucleate microspore stage non-1B/ 1R type male sterile lines and YS type male sterile lines both increase l7kD polypeptide compared with maintainers.

同时通过对比不同类型的不育系发现非1B/1R类K型不育系732A和YS光温敏不育小麦A3017在小穗发育的二核期均多1条分子量大小为17kD的多肽。

Furthermore, we also observed a kind of medium type cells intermediate between squamous and cuboidal cells, whose cytoplasm and nucleus were much better developed than those of squamous cells but less well developed than those of cuboidal cells.

另外，我们还观察到一种介于扁平形细胞和立方形细胞之间的中间型细胞，其胞质和核的发育明显好于扁平形细胞，但比立方形细胞差。

In cuboidal cells the nuclear membrane sank downward dividing the nucleus into t wo or three segments and the perinuclear space and nuclear pores were wider than those in squamous cells.

另外 ，我们还观察到一种介于扁平形细胞和立方形细胞之间的中间型细胞，其胞质和核的发育明显好于扁平形细胞，但比立方形细胞差。

The paper summarizes studies of in vitro inducement of haploids in cucurbitaceae, including anther culture, in vitro gynogenesis culture and induction of haploid obtained by irradiated pollen. The factors affectting in vitro inducement such as material genetype, medium, pretreatment, megaspores development stage and others had significant effects on the embryoids inductivities.

重点对葫芦科植物离体诱导单倍体的研究进行综述，包括花药培养、离体雌核培养、辐射花粉诱导单倍体培养等在育种中的应用，以及供体基因型、培养基、预处理方式、胚囊发育时期等因素对离体诱导再生频率的影响。

The remaining 9 rats in control group, 16 rats in treated grouop and 15 rats in model group were decollated and obtained brains to detect the relative mRNA expression of nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (Nurr1) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 5(M5) byusing RT-PCR, which was the consequence of those comparing with reference geneβ-actin mRNA expression.

将对照组、治疗组、模型组其余9、16、15只大鼠，断头取脑，采用RT-PCR方法检测大鼠脑组织孤儿核受体及乙酰胆碱毒蕈碱型受体5(M5)mRNA相对于内参基因β-actin mRNA的相对表达值。

Modified antisense PNA, electrostatically bound to the surface of specifically designed polymeric coreshell microspheres.

通过对反义肽核酸的修饰，促使其与特殊设计的聚合的核壳型微球结合。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。