核型

Blood samples from 23 Huacaya alpacas ,3 males and 20 females ,were used to study chromosome karyotype ,so as to provide some effective cytogenetics basis for the selectioiymprovement by crossing and disease diagnosis of alpacas ,and genetic mechanisms of sex determination. Peripheral blood lymphocyte culture was used to prepare chromosome. Methods of trypsase-EDTA and BSG (Barium hydroxide / Saline / Giemsa)were used for G-banding and C-banding respectively . The results showed as follows:Firstly , the number of diploid chromosomes was in the alpacas 2n=74,with the karyotype 74, XY and 74, XX for males and females respectively.

为了从选种、杂交改良、疾病诊断以及性别决定的遗传机制等方面为羊驼的繁育与推广提供更为有效的细胞遗传学资料，本试验采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体，分析了23只胡阿基亚型羊驼(Huacaya alpaca，雌20只，雄3只)的染色体及其核型，并通过BSG法(Barium hydroxide／Saline／Giemsa，氢氧化钡-盐溶液-吉姆萨，也即Sumner BSG法)与胰酶-EDTA法分别对羊驼的C-分带和G-分带进行分析，结果表明：(1)羊驼二倍体染色体数目为2n=74，雄性羊驼核型为74，XY；雌性羊驼核型为74，XX。

Rim-like pattern, 21. 3% discrete speckle, 18. 0% speckle, 6. 6% multiple nuclear dots and 4. 9% anti-lamin. The contexture of ANAs was similar in PBC patients with and without SS.

结果： 1.PBC组ANA阳性率85.2％，ANA-IIF核型主要表现为核包膜型（37.7％），散点型（21.3％），斑点型（18.0％），多核点型（6.6％）及板层素型（4.9％），PBC合并SS组各种核型阳性率与PBC组差异无显著性意义。

Centromeres could be identified easily on the bivalents at diplotene, so it was convenient to analyse the karyotype.

结果表明，日本沼虾染色体数n=52，2n=104，据双线期二价体的相对长度、着丝点位置以及形态诸方面的特点分析了核型，共分为A，B，C，D4个染色体组，核型组成是N=37M+4ST+11T；初级精母细胞减数分裂前期I可分为细线期/偶线期、粗线期、双线期和终变期5个时期，双线期的二价体存在弥散阶段，核仁明显，且双线期二价体着丝点清晰，给核型分析带来了方便。

Using the methods of classical shape size measuring and chromosome analysis, we studied the morphological characters and Karyotype of Cobitis sinensis in Xiangjiang River. We also investigated the evolution line and Karyotype polymorphism of the C . sinensis by the methods of cytological classification and cytocatalytic. Our results suggest that the formation of chromosome polymorphism was concerned with heterologous hybridization and some of C . sinensis may perpetuate in a clonal manner by natural gynogenesis.

本文以湘江流域的中华花鳅为研究对象，运用经典的形态测量观察方法、染色体制片技术对中华花鳅的形态生态特征、染色体组型进行了初步研究：运用细胞分类和进化方法对中华花鳅的核型演化和核型多态现象的形成进行了分析，提出：其核型多态的形成牵涉到鳅科鱼类的异源杂交，某些中华花鳅可能是行雌核发育生殖的。

While mammals are characterized by male heterogamety 〔XX female, XY male〕, birds are characterized by female heterogamety〔ZZ male, ZW female〕.

哺乳类的特征是雄性异配子，即XX核型为雌性，XY核型为雄性。而鸟类的特征是雌性异配子，即ZZ核型为雄性，ZW核型为雌性。

Chromosomal analysis of skin cells from 8 tufted deer were studied by using primary culture and subculture.We found 4 different karyotypes in all and a new karyotype, different with the others studied before, was found. There were 47 chromosomes in somatic cell of the new karyotype, including a pair of heteromorphic X chromosomes, one was telocentric chromosome, the other was subtelocentric chromosome.

采用原代培养和传代培养方法对来自成都动物园的8头毛冠鹿的皮肤细胞进行了染色体研究，结果出现4种不同的核型，有一种核型与以前所报道的几种核型不一致，确定为新核型（2n=47♀，X染色体为异型，）。

Results: Twenty eight out of 57 patients had clonal chromosome aberrations. Among the 28 aberrational chromosome,+8 presented in 8 cases, t (8; 21) translocation in 4 cases, 20q-in 2 cases, i (20q-) which was an rare recurrent chromosome abnormality in 1 case, and complex karyotype in 7 cases, but 5q-was not found in all the patients.

结果：MDS患者中异常核型率为49.12%(28/57)。28例异常核型患者中伴有＋8异常8例，t(8； 21)易位4例，20q-2例，少见的重现性异常i(20q-)1例，复杂核型7例，未见5q-核型。

The karyotype of the genus Lycoris has great variation,we find some new karyotypes and new chromosome number by meticulous cytological analysis, especially in Lycoris radiata which karyotypes exist tremendous variation even in different population.

石蒜属植物的染色体核型变异很大，通过细致的核型分析，发现了许多新的核型和染色体数目；其中石蒜在不同居群中的核型存在巨大的变异。

Cases of other connective tissue diseases exhibit various positive rates but the titres are comparatively lower.

另发现所有的阳性核型均以核周型为主，认为该型并不是 SLE 的特有核型。

The major clinical manifestation was lymph node enlargement found in all patients. Skin involvement and osteolysis were not frequent. The characteristic finding was leukemic cells with highly indented or lobulated flower-like nuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow. ATL cells were CD2,CD3,CD4,CD25 positive and CD8 negative. No specific chromosome abnormality or HLA type was found. Seven of 8 patients examined had HTLV-Ⅰ antibody. The HTLV-Ⅰ provirus genome sequence integrated into host cell DNA was amplified by PCR and confirmed by liquid hybridization. All of these results showed that HTLV-Ⅰ was also the etiological agent of ATL in China. One of the 9 cases of ATL was classified as lymphoma type, one as chronic-type, and the rest as acute type.

结果和结论确诊9例ATL，其临床特征主要为淋巴结肿大，皮损及溶骨改变少见，外周血及骨髓出现典型的花瓣状核淋巴细胞，胞体大，核畸形，免疫表型为CD-1、CD+2、CD3+、CD4+、CD-8，还表达CD25等激活标记，染色体核型及HLA分型未发现有规律性的变化。8例ATL中有7例血清HTLV-Ⅰ抗体阳性，应用PCR及液相杂交法可检出整合到宿主细胞DNA中的HTLV-Ⅰ病毒序列，表明在我国HTLV-Ⅰ也是ATL的病因。9例中1例为淋巴瘤型，1例为慢性型，7例为急性型ATL，治疗效果及预后均不良。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐