核变体

Based on the laminate theory, a laminate weakened by damage is treated as an anisotropic thin plate. Using the complex potential method in the plane theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body, the series solution of finite anisotropic thin plate containing an elliptical inclusion is proposed with the help of Faber series. A hybrid element with an elliptical inclusion for anisotropic materials is obtained by using the hybrid variable principle, and the element efficiency is verified by numerical examples. The state of the damage is modeled by an elliptical soft inclusion, and using the point stress criterion based on characteristic curve and Yamada-Sun etc. criteria, the prediction of the strength of a composite laminate with damage is set up. The effects of various parameters on the stress distribution and the residual strength of a composite laminate weakened by damage are detailedly studied.

首先基于经典层板理论，将复合材料层板的弹性问题化归为均匀各向异性板来求解；采用各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法，以Faber级数为工具，给出了有限大含椭圆核各向异性板弹性问题的级数解形式；利用杂交变分原理，成功导出含椭圆核各向异性板杂交应力有限元，并用算例验证了该单元的可行性和有效性；采用含刚度折减椭圆形弹性核的冲击损伤模型，引入基于特征曲线和Yamada-Sun破坏准则的点应力判据，建立了含损伤复合材料层板剩余强度的分析方法；通过数值计算详细讨论了各种几何参数对损伤层板应力分布、剩余强度的影响，得到了一系列对工程应用具有实用价值的结论。

The effect of crude chitinase on three pathogens showed that it could degrade the cell-wall of thepathogens.The crude chitinase could make Fusarium spp and Alternaria spps cell-wall thin andrupture,cell-wall and bioplasm separate,the bioplasm of Rhizoctonia solani distribute asymmetry andbecome vacuole,the cell-wall thin and rupture also.

几丁质粗酶对三种病原真菌菌丝细胞壁的降解作用显示，几丁质酶可使交链孢和镰刀菌菌丝细胞壁变薄、溶解、质壁分离、原生质膨大；丝核菌原生质体分布不均匀、空泡化、细胞壁变薄并出现断裂现象。

Changes of lung ultrastructures: The results of electron microscope showed that in group 1, there were swelling mitochondria was arranged in disorder, less matrix, and hyalomere appeared, thin double-deck membrane in 50% samples: Interalveolar septum stroma was with edema in 60% samples; Polymorphonuclear leukocyte gathered in vessel or emigrated out of vessel in 50% samples; In group 2, double-deck membranes of mitochondria were integral, densely matrix showed micro-granule shape in 90% samples; Pinocytosis in epithelial cells of type Ⅰ lung strengthened, being destroyed, and pinocytosis in endothelial cells strengthened in 10% samples; lnteralveolar septum stroma was with edema, no polymorphonuclear leukocyte gathered in vessel or emigrated out of vessel or corpuscule was empty in type Ⅱ alveolar epithelium in 20% samples.

肺组织超微结构改变观察：纯氧机械通气组50%标本线粒体肿胀、排列紊乱，基质变浅，出现透明区，双层膜变薄，60%标本肺泡隔间质水肿，50%标本多形核白细胞血管内聚集或游出血管外现象；34%氧浓度机械通气组90%线粒体双层膜较完整，基质致密呈细颗粒状；10%标本可观察到Ⅰ型肺上皮细胞有吞饮增强、破坏及内皮细胞吞饮增强；20%标本肺泡隔间质水肿；未见到多形核白细胞血管内聚集或游出血管外现象及Ⅱ型肺泡上皮板层小体排空。

A —Sample ZM641 , garnet porphyroblast with inclusionsof amphibole , epidote , plagioclase concentrated in the core of crystal , the rimof the garnet

a —样品ZM641 ，角闪石、绿帘石和斜长石包体分布在石榴石变斑晶核部，边部有绿辉石包体，基质矿物主要为绿辉石背散射电子图像

SEM and TEM observations indicate that the prior austenite deformation not only refines the allotriomorphic ferrite grain but also promotes the nucleation of intragranular ferrite, both of which in turn contribute to the refinement of granular bainite cluster including its ferrite platelets and MA islands.

SEM和TEM观察表明，奥氏体形变不仅细化仿晶界型铁素体，而且促进先共析铁素体在原奥氏体晶内形核，从而有利于细化粒状贝氏体晶团及其内部的铁素体片条和MA岛。

ResultsThe glandular cell in the endometrial implant after therapy with middle or high-dose of (10,15 gkg-1d-1) XiaoChaiHu Decoction showed characteristic features of apoptosis which displayed by the cell decreased in size, karyopyknosis , cytoplasmic and nuclear chromatin condensation , density increased and a lot of apoptotic bodies among cell. Whereas some stromal cell displayed degeneration and necrosis. The protein expression of Fas and Caspase-3 in endometriotic tissue of XiaoChaiHu Decoction group was higher than that in the endometrium.

结果中、高剂量小柴胡汤（10，15 gkg-1d-1）治疗后，异位内膜有较多腺上皮细胞出现凋亡的特征，表现为细胞体积变小，核固缩，胞浆和核染色质凝集，密度增高，细胞间凋亡小体，同时间质细胞中可见一些坏死细胞；异位内膜Fas蛋白、Caspase-3蛋白的表达水平明显高于其在位内膜。

Light microscope and transmission electron microscopy showed that SMMC-7721 cells induced by SAHA had undergone the restorational alteration in morphology and ultrastructure, which were different from those of nontreated cells but were similar to those of normal cells, and the changes were as follows: the cells turned to be flat and spread; the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio lessened and nuclear shape became rather regular; the number of nucleolus reduced and its volume lessened; euchromatin increased while heterochromatin decreased in nucleus; in the cytoplasm, mitochondria grew in number with relatively consistent structure and well-developed mitochondria cristae; Golgi complex turned to be well-developed and typical; rough endoplasmic reticulum increased. Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the expression of AFP and PCNA were declined significantly. FCM analysis showed SAHA could arrest SMMC-7721 cells in G0/G1 phase, with an accumulation of the cells in G0/G1 phase while a decrease of cells in S phase. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR detection revealed that the expression of p21WAFl mRNA was upregulated remarkably in the cells treated with SAHA.

结果：倒置显微镜和透射电镜观察显示，经SAHA处理的细胞增殖速度显著减慢，细胞体积增大，细胞核较小，形状较为规则，核仁数量减少、体积变小，核内常染色质增多而异染色质减少，核质比例减小，细胞质内线粒体数量增多、线粒体嵴发达，高尔基体较为典型，粗糙型内质网增多，呈现出与正常上皮细胞相似的形态变化；MTT比色法测定结果显示不同浓度(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0uM)SAHA对SMMC-7721细胞的增殖均有抑制作用，并有明显的剂量依赖和时间依赖关系；免疫细胞化学检测显示SAHA能显著降低PCNA和AFP在SMMC-7721细胞中的表达；流式细胞仪检测结果显示，SMMC-7721细胞经SAHA处理后，G0/G1期细胞明显增加，S期细胞则明显减少，细胞被阻滞于G0/G1期；RT-PCR检测结果表明，SAHA作用12h后SMMC-7721细胞中p21WAF1 mRNA的表达即有增加，24h后更为明显。

Involvement of central tegmental tracts produces ipsilateral olivary degeneration; that of dentate nucleus or superior cerebellar peduncle produces contralateral olivary degeneration.

累及背盖中央束导致同侧橄榄体退变，累及齿状核或小脑上脚导致对侧的橄榄体退变。

It was typically indirect effect that the following variations induced in the progenies of endosperms implanted by heavy ion beams were discovered. 1 In comparison with control, there were very high differences in biological trait, anti-oxidation enzyme activity, MDA content and protein content, chromosome aberration rate and micro-nucleus rate in M1 generation. 2 Shorter stem variants and purple stem mutants were analyzed by RAPD and AFLP. The analytic results showed that the sequences of their DNA were changed, so those variations were not physiological damage only. And there were differences among M2 generation plants of the same sort of variants or mutants, it was indicated that M2 generation may be in disjunction.

M1代的生物学性状、幼苗的抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、蛋白质含量和染色体畸变率及微核率等发生了较大的变化。2）对其矮杆变异株和紫色茎杆突变体（M2）做RAPD和AFLP分子鉴定等研究，结果显示了矮杆变异体和紫色茎杆突变体的DNA序列发生了改变，而非仅仅产生生理损伤；同一种变异体或突变体，在M2代单株间也存在着明显的差异，表明它们可能还处于分离状态。

In general, this malaria parasites in the mature or nearly mature erythrocytes, schizonts usually large, occurre in mature erythrocytes with more 20 merozoites most commonly arranged in mass.

两性配子体较大，均为长形，雄性配子体有驱核现象，并使寄主细胞膨胀变大；雌配子体较雄配子体长，有一定的包核现象。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。