核体

In the brain of adult rat, the positive immunohistochemical product of lSL-l (ISL-l-positive) was mainly located in the neuronal nucleus and found in discrete regions except to brain cortex, such as the Purkinje cell layer and the granular cell layer of cerebellum, the granular cell layer and the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus, the mitral cell layer, the internal and external plexiform layer, the granular cell layer and the granular cell layer of olfactory bulb and so on, and several nuclei of the hypothalamus, midbrain and pons, such as claustrum, anterior olfactory nucleus, accumbens nucleus, caudate-ptamen, pallidum, substantia nigra, striatum, islands of Callaje, mammillary nucleus, anterior pretactal nucleus, habenular nucleus, amygdaloid nucleus, cuneate nucleus, rubral nucleus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus and so on.

在正常成年大鼠脑中，同源框基因islet-1表达产物（ISL-1）免疫组织化学阳性物质广泛分布于除大脑皮层外的神经细胞的细胞核内，ISL-1阳性神经元密集分布于小脑Purkinje细胞层和颗粒细胞层、海马的颗粒细胞层和锥体细胞层、嗅球的内丛层、外丛层、颗粒细胞层及僧帽细胞层等，另外在丘脑、中脑和桥脑的一些重要神经元核团均有分布，如，屏状核、前嗅核、伏核、尾壳核、苍白球、黑质、纹状体、Calleja岛、乳头体核、前顶盖前核、缰核、杏仁核、楔束核、红核网状巨细胞核等。

On the basis of this system andpreviously morphological, physiological and biochemical studies on cucumber in vitrogynogenesis. Materials from both typical gynogenesis using M99 as induction medium andnon gynogenesis using W5 as induction medium were collected. The activities anddistribution of peroxidase and its isoenzymes, content of soluble protein and distribution of allprotein during early stage of cucumber in vitro gynogenesis and non gynogenesis wereinvestigated by biochemistry and histochemistry technology.

本试验在前期有关离体黄瓜雌核发育形态学和生理生化研究的基础上，以诱导离体雌核发育的 M99 培养基上和非雌核发育的 W5 培养基上培养的黄瓜未受精子房为试材，采用生物化学技术和组织化学技术，深入研究了离体雌核发育早期外植体内的标志酶——过氧化物酶及其同工酶的活性及分布的变化、可溶性蛋白质的含量和总蛋白质分布的变化及核酸和多糖分布的变化，为揭示离体雌核发育早期的细胞分化机制提供科学依据。

The result showed that IFN-γ was distributed over 20 nucleus of the hypothalamus, such as nucleus mamillaris medialis, nucleus pre-opticus medialis, area anterior hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis, nucleus reunions, nucleus paraventricularis, nucleus supra optic, and etc. Many of IFN-γ positive nerve fibers were found in supra optic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus mamillaris medialis and etc. Nerve fibers and astrocytes IFN-γ immunoreactive positive cells spreaded in paraventricular nucleus, nucleus pre-opticus lateralis, nucleus pre-opticus medialis and etc. At the same time, IFN-γ is also observed obviously in adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. IFN-γ also expresses in follicular and corpus luteum.

结果显示，IFN-γ分布于乳头体内侧核、视前内侧核、下丘脑前区、腹内侧核、连接核、室旁核、视上核等20个核团中，各部分核团细胞着色程度深浅不一；在视上核、室旁核分泌部乳头体内侧核等有大量的阳性神经纤维；同时在室周核、视前外侧核、视前内侧核等13个核团中散布有一些阳性星形胶质细胞，与阳性神经细胞交错共存；腺垂体中腺细胞和神经垂体中神经纤维均有IFN-γ表达；卵泡和黄体中也有IFN-γ存在。

Neuronal cell bodies and fibers with moderate mGluR7-LI were seen in the olfactory bulb,anterior olfactory nucleus,piriform cortex,septofimbrial nucleus,bed nucleus of the strial terminalis,lateral hypothalamic area,paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus,supramammillary nucleus,medial and lateral mammillary nuclei,most part of the thalamus,medial and lateral geniculate bodies,nucleus of the optic tract,red nucleus,substantia nigra,interpeduncular nucleus,pontine nuclei,lateral parabrachial nucleus,superior olivary complex,nucleus of the trapezoid body,motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve,facial nucleus,ambiguus nucleus,cochlear nucleus,vestibular nuclei,nucleus of the solitary tract,hypoglossal nucleus,prepositus hypoglossal nucleus,medullary reticular formation,Purkinje cells of the cerebellum,nucleus raphe obscurus,intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord,Onuf′s nucleus and lamina X of the spinal cord.

呈中等强度染色的神经元胞体和纤维见于嗅结节、前嗅核、梨状皮质、隔伞核、终纹床核、下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑室旁核、乳头体上核、乳头体内、外核、丘脑大部分核团、内外侧膝状体、视束核、红核、黑质、脚间核、桥核、臂旁外侧核、上橄榄复合体、斜方体核、三叉神经运动核、面神经核、疑核、耳蜗核、前庭核簇、楔束外核、孤束核、舌下神经核、舌下神经前置核、中缝隐核、延髓网状结构、小脑蒲肯野细胞层、脊髓中间带外侧核、Onuf核和中央管周围灰质。

In this paper, cholinergic neurons was mapped in the two kinds of birds (Emberiza rutila and Fringilla montifringilla) by using immunohistochemical method.The soma size and cell density of cholinergic neurons in the three song control nuclei, the higher vocal center, the robust nucleus of the archistriatum and area X, were measured and compared. Here we discussed the distribution of cholinergic neurons and their effect on the process of song producing and song learning.

本文以中国北方地区常见的两种鸣禽栗鹀和燕雀为材料，应用免疫组化方法，对两种鸣禽发声控制核团，即上纹状体腹侧尾核或高级发声中枢、古纹状体粗核、X区内胆碱能神经元的胞体大小和胞体密度进行了观察测量，旨在探讨胆碱能神经元在发声控制核团内的分布情况及其在鸣啭产生和学习过程中的作用。

Singing behavior; higher vocal center; caudal nucleus; ventral hyperstriatum; hippocampus; song-control nucleus; song nuclei; area X; melatonin; gamma-aminobutyric acid; glutamic acid decarboxylase; vocal control circuitry; frequency sensitivity; organ of Corti; auditory feedback; neural plasticity; seasonal plasticity; neostriatum; anterior forebrain pathway; lateral magnocellular nucleus; anterior neostriatum; lMAN nucleus; medial nucleus; dorsolateral thalamus; robustus archistriatalis; robust nucleus; archistriatum; song motor control nucleus; vocal motor system; gila cells; nonlinear oscillatory dynamics

歌唱行为；较高级的发声中枢；尾部核；腹侧上纹体；海马；鸣唱控制核团；鸣唱核；X区域；N-乙酰-5-甲氧基色胺；γ-氨基丁酸；谷氨酸脱羧酶；发声控制回路；频率灵敏度；柯替氏器；听觉反应；神经可塑性；季节可塑性；新纹状体；前脑前端路径；侧面大细胞核群；前部新纹状体；lMAN核；内侧核；背外侧丘脑；古纹状体粗核；健康的核；原纹状体；鸣声运动控制核；发声运动系统；毒蜥细胞；非线性振动动力学首页上一页共有 12 条记录，本页从第 11 到第 12 条。

Based on the results, it has found that six distinct layers can be identified from lateral to medial in the olfactory bulbs, and the adults have more cells than the subadults. Ventricles of the adults take up larger vacuity, have richer choroids plexus, and primordial pallium and primordial hippocampus of them are more developed than the subadults, in which the primordial piriform is well-developed. Ventral to the primordial hippocampus, there is a septal area which can not be divided into medial and lateral parts in both adults and subadults, nor there is lateral limiting sulcus to separate the primordial piriform and the corpus striatum, but only in the subadults, a medial limiting sulcus can be clearly identified to separate the primordial hippocampus and the septal area. Besides, the corpus striatum of Onychodactylus fischeri is paleostriatum. The cell group that located at two sides of the third ventricle is amygdale, and shape and size of neurons within the telencephalon are poorly differentiation.

结果表明：爪鲵嗅球内细胞从外到内大致可分为6层结构，亚成体的细胞数量少于成体；成体爪鲵的侧脑室所占空间较大，脉络丛更为丰富，原始大脑皮层和原始海马都比亚成体发达，后者大脑内原始梨状区较为发达；隔区位于原始海马的下方，成体和亚成体都没有外侧隔核和内侧隔核之分，也没有外侧界沟作为原始梨状区和纹状体的分界，而在亚成体的侧脑室壁有内侧界沟区分原始海马和隔区，成体则没有；此外，爪鲵的纹状体属于古纹状体，杏仁核是位于第三脑室两侧的两个细胞团，端脑内细胞形态和大小分化较为单一。

The main contributions of this thesis are:(1) Seven mononuclear complexes of tetradentate ligand NTB have been obtained using N〓 or SCN〓 as the additional ligand;(2) Seventeen binuclear complexes of Fe , Zn , Co , Cu have been designed and the complexes of Co , Cu exhibit antiferromagnetic properties;(3) Changing the bridged-ligand such as PO〓, CO〓, o-phth, mai, Ag (CN 〓, Au 〓, etc , fourteen tetranuclear complexes of polypridine ligand have been synthesized;(4) Two antiferromagnetic 1D chain complexes of KH〓pdc ligand have been prepared from hydrothermal reactions; in addition, one ferromagnetic 1D chain copper complex of tpdp which is bridged by oxalate has been obtained.

本论文的主要贡献为：(1)合成了配体NTB的七个新型单核配合物；(2)合成了十七个铁、锌、钴及铜系列混桥双核配合物，其中双核钴和双核铜配合物为反铁磁偶合；(3)选用多吡啶配体tpdp和TPA，改变桥联配体，合成了十个四核配合物；(4)选择配体KH〓pdc，采用水热合成方法得到了反铁磁性一维链状锰、铜配合物；以草酸根为桥联配体，合成了配体tpdp的一维链状铜配合物，该化合物为铁磁偶合，文献较少报道。

When aborted rats in group E were treated with the dose of 50 IU/g IFN-γ, expression of TNF-αin this group was compared with the other four groups, the results were as follows: Compared with group A, the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami and pars intermedia had a highly expression of TNF-α, in the other nuclei of hypothalamus, neurohypophsis and adenohypophysis, the change was not significantly, the expression of TNF-αin follicle and corpus luteum were decreased distinctly, the variation in uterus was slight and no difference was exsited; Compared with group B, the expression of TNF-αin nucleus nucleus lateralis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, adenohypophysis and uterus presented a remarkable enhancement, conversely, the TNF-αexpression in the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, follicle and corpus luteum had been significantly decreased; Compared with group C, the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, adenohypophysis, pars intermedia and uterus had upregulated the expression of TNF-α, however, it was decreased in the nucleus periventricularis hypothalami and corpus luteum; When compared with group D, the expression of TNF-αin nucleus lateralis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, pituitary, follicle and ovary stroma were obviously enhanced, while in the nucleus supra-opticus and nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, the situation was definitely opposite, in the other parts, the change was not significant.

外源腹腔注射50 IU/g IFN-γ后，同A组相比：E组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在下丘脑视前内侧核、视前大细胞核、室周核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、弓状核、垂体中间部显著增高，在下丘脑其它核团、神经垂体、垂体前叶较A组差异不显著，在卵泡、黄体中阳性产物表达均较A组显著降低，在子宫中表达较A组变化不明显；同B组相比：E组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在下丘脑外侧核、腹内侧核、弓状核、垂体前叶、子宫均显著增高，在视前内侧核、视交叉上核、视上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、神经垂体、卵泡、黄体中阳性物质表达均显著降低；同C组相比：E组下丘脑视前内侧核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、弓状核、垂体前叶与中间部、子宫均显著增高，在室周核、黄体中均显著降低；同D组相比：E组下丘脑外侧核、背内侧核、腹内侧核、垂体各部、卵泡、卵巢基质均显著增高，在视上核、弓状核显著降低，在其它部位表达变化差异不显著。

The basic idea of nucleosome positioning, the relation between nucleosome positioning and gene expression regulation, experimental and theoretical works on nucleosome positioning were reviewed in this paper.

文章从核小体定位基本概念、核小体定位与基因表达调控的关系、核小体定位实验研究和理论预测工作等几个方面总结了核小体定位的最新研究进展。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新