核体

The experiment was conducted to study the possible effects of toxicity in the toad erythrocyte s induced by dicofol,48 mature toads,Bufo gargarizans,were injected with five different dosages of DCF in coelom every 24 h and 1-4 times in succession,and cells producing micronucleus,nuclear abnormality and cell abnormality were counted separately.

用5种不同剂量的三氯杀螨醇(d icofo l，DCF)分别对48只中华蟾蜍成体进行体腔注射法染毒1~4次，观察并统计中华蟾蜍成体外周血红细胞产生微核、核异常及细胞异常的细胞数。

Changes of lung ultrastructures: The results of electron microscope showed that in group 1, there were swelling mitochondria was arranged in disorder, less matrix, and hyalomere appeared, thin double-deck membrane in 50% samples: Interalveolar septum stroma was with edema in 60% samples; Polymorphonuclear leukocyte gathered in vessel or emigrated out of vessel in 50% samples; In group 2, double-deck membranes of mitochondria were integral, densely matrix showed micro-granule shape in 90% samples; Pinocytosis in epithelial cells of type Ⅰ lung strengthened, being destroyed, and pinocytosis in endothelial cells strengthened in 10% samples; lnteralveolar septum stroma was with edema, no polymorphonuclear leukocyte gathered in vessel or emigrated out of vessel or corpuscule was empty in type Ⅱ alveolar epithelium in 20% samples.

肺组织超微结构改变观察：纯氧机械通气组50%标本线粒体肿胀、排列紊乱，基质变浅，出现透明区，双层膜变薄，60%标本肺泡隔间质水肿，50%标本多形核白细胞血管内聚集或游出血管外现象；34%氧浓度机械通气组90%线粒体双层膜较完整，基质致密呈细颗粒状；10%标本可观察到Ⅰ型肺上皮细胞有吞饮增强、破坏及内皮细胞吞饮增强；20%标本肺泡隔间质水肿；未见到多形核白细胞血管内聚集或游出血管外现象及Ⅱ型肺泡上皮板层小体排空。

Proliferative index34.0%, mitotic index2.74%(1.20%～4.80%), apoptotic index1.30%～6.90%, chromosome analysis mainly 46 (44～54/nucleus) and DNA distribution in diploidy were calculated and described.

增殖指数34.0%，分裂指数2.47%(1.20%～4.80%)，凋亡指数1.30%～6.90%，核染色体众数46条为主(44～54条)和细胞周期DNA呈2倍体核型分布。

The kinds of nuclear protein-coding genes were more than ribosome genes in insect phylogenetic analyses, but most of them were only applied to phylogenetic analyses of Diptera and Lepidoptera,and few gen...

与核糖体基因相比，虽然编码蛋白的核基因应用于昆虫分子系统学的种类不少，但大部分都是应用于双翅目和鳞翅目昆虫的分子系统学研究中，能够成功地普遍用于多个目昆虫的系统学研究的核基因并不多。

ARID (AT-rich interaction domain) protein is a transcription factor family in higher eukaryotes that regulates cell proliferation, development, and differentiation. Specificity of DNA binding ability in this family prefers AT-rich sequences, but some ARID family proteins are not sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins or they do not bind AT-rich sequences. We found two genes that encode ARID in Giardia lamblia genome database, garid1 and garid2. We analyzed the function of garid1 first. AU1-tagged gARID1 was found to localize to nuclei. During encystation, gARID1 mRNA level decreased emphatically, but protein level increased. We also found that gARID1 can bind AT-rich initiator of the cwp1 promoter by EMSA. Mutation analysis revealed gARID1 binding sequence was AGATC and AATAAAATA. We used ChIP to demonstrate that gARID1 can bind cwp1 gene promoter in vivo.

ARID(AT-rich interaction domain)蛋白质家族是真核生物的一种转因子，在许多同种的真核生物有它的同源基因，这个家族的蛋白质通常与调控细胞的生长、发育和分化的作用有关，而这个家族的蛋白质和DNA的结合能，各种ARID蛋白质的专一性尽相同，过大致上偏好於和AT-rich的序结合；我们已经在形鞭毛虫的基因组中找到个含有ARID 的基因，分别是garid1和garid2，我们首先对於garid1做分析；将AU1标记接到gARID1转染形鞭毛虫，用免疫萤光染色可发现gARID1存在於细胞核中。gARID1的讯息RNA在囊体化后会明显下，过其阳性染色和蛋白质表现有明显增加；EMSA实验中也发现gARID1会明显的与cwp1基因启动子之AT-rich initiator结合，经由突变序分析，也显示gARID1的结合序为AGATC和AATAAAATA，随后我们也用ChIP证明gARID1在细胞内也的确会和cwp1基因的启动子结合。

Results:(1) All of the four concentrations (500ug/mL 1000ug/mh 2000ug/ml 4000ug/ml) of RTE could inhibit CEM cell growth characterized by apoptosis characterized by pyknosis, complete nucleic membrane, swollen mitochondria and extended ergastoplasm etc. The apoptosis body was shown at the same time.

结果：(1)500ug／ml、1000ug／ml、2000ug／ml、4000ug／ml的附子提取物均可诱导CEM细胞凋亡，在电镜下可观察，CEM细胞出现核固缩，核膜完整，线粒体肿胀，粗面滤质网扩张等改变，并能发现凋亡小体。

The polar and egg nuclei of the female gametophyte are genetically identical.

雌配子体中的极核和卵核遗传上是同一的。

It was the first time that physiological and biochemical changes during earlystage of gynogenesis were investigated.

明确了黄瓜离体雌核发育的细胞和形态学过程，发现雌核发育在培养的前6天即已启动和决定。

Cases of the abnormal sex differentiated diseases in children were presented. Among them, there were 4 cases of Turner's syndrome, 1 Klinefelter's syndrome, 9 female pseudohermaphroditism, 2 male pseudohermaphroditism, and 4 true hermaphroditism.

本文报道小儿性分化异常疾病20例(包括先天性卵巢发育不全综合征4例、先天性睾丸发育不全综合征1例、女性假两性畸型9例、男性假两性畸型2例、真两性畸型4例)，对上述病例进行了细胞染色体核型分析，同时作了口腔上皮细胞性染色质、中性粒细胞核鼓植体及尿17酮类固醇、17羟类固醇的检查。

In the early stage of breast cancers, diploid cells (DNA quantity, 2C) and the nuclear size were slightly enlarged, while in the late stage of breast cancers, heteroploid cells (DNA quantity, 5C, even 9C) were seen and the nuclear size was significantly enlarged.

乳腺癌早期，细胞核为2倍体（DNA定量为2C），核面积略大；而乳腺癌晚期，可出现5C，甚至9C异倍体细胞，核面积明显增大。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。