核体

Based on the laminate theory, a laminate weakened by damage is treated as an anisotropic thin plate. Using the complex potential method in the plane theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body, the series solution of finite anisotropic thin plate containing an elliptical inclusion is proposed with the help of Faber series. A hybrid element with an elliptical inclusion for anisotropic materials is obtained by using the hybrid variable principle, and the element efficiency is verified by numerical examples. The state of the damage is modeled by an elliptical soft inclusion, and using the point stress criterion based on characteristic curve and Yamada-Sun etc. criteria, the prediction of the strength of a composite laminate with damage is set up. The effects of various parameters on the stress distribution and the residual strength of a composite laminate weakened by damage are detailedly studied.

首先基于经典层板理论，将复合材料层板的弹性问题化归为均匀各向异性板来求解；采用各向异性体平面弹性理论中的复势方法，以Faber级数为工具，给出了有限大含椭圆核各向异性板弹性问题的级数解形式；利用杂交变分原理，成功导出含椭圆核各向异性板杂交应力有限元，并用算例验证了该单元的可行性和有效性；采用含刚度折减椭圆形弹性核的冲击损伤模型，引入基于特征曲线和Yamada-Sun破坏准则的点应力判据，建立了含损伤复合材料层板剩余强度的分析方法；通过数值计算详细讨论了各种几何参数对损伤层板应力分布、剩余强度的影响，得到了一系列对工程应用具有实用价值的结论。

Blood samples from 23 Huacaya alpacas ,3 males and 20 females ,were used to study chromosome karyotype ,so as to provide some effective cytogenetics basis for the selectioiymprovement by crossing and disease diagnosis of alpacas ,and genetic mechanisms of sex determination. Peripheral blood lymphocyte culture was used to prepare chromosome. Methods of trypsase-EDTA and BSG (Barium hydroxide / Saline / Giemsa)were used for G-banding and C-banding respectively . The results showed as follows:Firstly , the number of diploid chromosomes was in the alpacas 2n=74,with the karyotype 74, XY and 74, XX for males and females respectively.

为了从选种、杂交改良、疾病诊断以及性别决定的遗传机制等方面为羊驼的繁育与推广提供更为有效的细胞遗传学资料，本试验采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体，分析了23只胡阿基亚型羊驼(Huacaya alpaca，雌20只，雄3只)的染色体及其核型，并通过BSG法(Barium hydroxide／Saline／Giemsa，氢氧化钡-盐溶液-吉姆萨，也即Sumner BSG法)与胰酶-EDTA法分别对羊驼的C-分带和G-分带进行分析，结果表明：(1)羊驼二倍体染色体数目为2n=74，雄性羊驼核型为74，XY；雌性羊驼核型为74，XX。

There are four kinds of fracture ways of 7075/SiC composite under high-temperature compression, which are the evulsions of SiC from the matrix due to forming cavity near the interface and intensive phase , ductile fracture of the matrix due to the nucleation of cavity near the interface , the fracture near SiC particulate coacervate and brittle fracture of the SiC particulate.

喷射沉积7075/SiC复合材料高温压缩时的断裂方式主要有四种，即空洞在增强相与基体界面处形成而出现增强相从基体中拔出的现象、空洞在基体中形核长大而引起基体的延性断裂、颗粒团聚处的断裂和颗粒的脆性断裂。

Barley seeds were irradiated with five different doses of 60 Co-γ ray.There were many kinds of chromosome aberration in pollen mother cells,such as bridge,laggards in anaphase I and anaphase II,asymmetrical division in anaphase I and asynchronous division in anaphase II,ring quadrivalent in metaphase I,three pole division and micro-nuclei in telophase I,micro-nuclei in tetrad and some micro-nucleus separates from the tetrad to form polyad.

大麦种子经5种不同剂量γ射线辐照后， M1植株的花粉母细胞出现多种染色体畸变类型，例如后Ⅰ、后Ⅱ中出现桥、落后，后Ⅰ中出现不对称分裂，后Ⅱ中出现不同步分裂，中期Ⅰ出现环状四价体，末期Ⅰ中有三极分裂和微核，四分体中出现微核且有的微核独立于四分体，从而形成多分体。

The dominant male sterility was expressed normally in the new Taigu genic sterile wheat carrying the intergenomically translocated Ms2, and the female fertility mechanism in its male sterile plants was normal as well. Observation of the chromosome configuration at meiosis of pollen mother cells of the young ears of the sterile plants showed that they were euploid plants (2n=42). No configurations different from those of the Taigu geneic sterility gene located at the original locus were noticed of the Ms2 intergenomically translocated back into the common wheat.

所获携带易组Ms2基因的新型太谷核不育小麦其显性雄性不育特性表达正常，且雄性不育株的雌性可育机制正常，对不育株幼穗花粉母细胞减数分裂期染色体构型的观察可见其为整倍体(2n=42)，尚未发现回归普通小麦的易组太谷核不育基因与原位点的太谷核不育基因有不同的表型。

Gracilis were applied to investigate the effect of proplastid on adaptability, in which such structure was found to be important to the competitiveness during heterotrophic growth in the dark; 2 a new procedure for differential display technology was developed and used to study the influence of plastid on nuclear gene expression, with which it was shown that the loss of plastid could cause remarkable changes in expression of certain nuclear genes.

本文主要有两点突出之处：1）应用裸藻褪色突变株与野生型的生长竞争实验探讨了原质体对于裸藻的适应意义，发现在黑暗环境和异养生长条件下原质体对于细胞的生存竞争有重要作用；2）改进了一种差异显示技术并利用该技术来研究质体的有无对基因表达的影响，证明质体丢失可导致某些核基因表达的显著变化。

And the dipoid gynogenesis induction rates of the homologous sperm and the heterogenous sperm were 32.66%±7.03% and 28.00%±6.48%, respectively.

采用形态学、流式细胞仪DNA含量分析和微卫星标记技术对雌核发育鱼苗进行了分析，证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体。

It is found that before the pearlitic and upper-bainitic reactions, a pro-cutectoid orpro-bainitic phase is precipitated along the austenite grain boundaries in the cyanidedsamples; and it is thought that this is likely a nitrogen-bearing phase which provides thephase boundary effect for the nucleation of the reactions and impoverishes the parentaustenite in alloy content, thus accelerating the transformation of austenite.

实验中发现，在珠光体及上贝茵体形成之前，氰化试样中均有一种过剩相沿奥氏体晶粒边界析出。这种先析相可能是一种含氮的化合物，其析出为珠光体及上贝茵体的非自发形核提供了现成的有利界面，并使奥氏体合金化程度降低，因而加速了转变。

The famous "Tiantangzhai migmatitic granite"(1∶200000 Luotian map) is seperated as Yanshan epoch many granitic plutons, and the most representative two plutons are Tiantangzhai and Jiuzihe pluton, Most of these plutons extend NE direction according with the orientation of regional tectonic line, and have weak gneissosity and banded structure, and contact with country rocks by graduational or intrusive relationship.

首次将大别造山带核部著名的&天堂寨混合花岗岩&(1∶20万罗田幅)解体为燕山期的多个花岗岩体，其中最有代表性的岩体为天堂寨岩体、九资河岩体。这些岩体大多呈NE向展布，与区域构造线方向一致，发育有微弱片麻理和条带状构造，与围岩变质岩呈渐变过渡接触或侵入接触。

In most species they are composed of roughly equal amounts of protein and ribosomal RNA , the ribosome consists of two unequally sized rounded subunits arranged on top of each other like a cottage loaf, eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes than prokaryotic cells but the ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as prokaryotic ribosomes.

在大多数的物种中，蛋白质的量和 rRNA 量是大体相等的。核糖体包括两个大小不同的亚单位，上部结合形成小屋状结构。真核生物细胞中的核糖体要比原核细胞的核糖体大，但是线粒体和叶绿体中的核糖体与原核细胞的核糖体大小相当。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。