样本点

Describes general methods of point and interval parameter estimation and the small and large sample properties of estimators: method of moments, maximum likelihood, unbiased estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, information inequality, asymptotic relative efficiency of estimators.

点估计和区间估计的一般方法，估计量的小样本和大样本性质：矩法，极大似然估计，无偏估计，Rao-Blackwell 和 Lehmann-Scheffe 理论，信息不等式，渐进相对有效估计量。

Maximum likelihood, unbiased estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, information inequality, asymptotic relative efficiency of estimators.

点估计和区间估计的一般方法，估计量的小样本和大样本性质：矩法，极大似然估计，无偏估计，Rao-Blackwell 和Lehmann-Scheffe 理论，信息不等式，渐进相对有效估计量。

Firstly determine approximately the position of projection center by adopting the method of DR imagery, and then approaches the accurate position by means of point of golden section.

采用实验的方法，利用标准钢丝样本和直尺样本，先采用DR成像的方法大致确定投影中心的位置，然后利用黄金分割点逼近准确位置。

The experimental method was adopted, and the standard steel wire sample and ruler sample were utilized. Firstly determine approximately the position of projection center by adopting the method of DR imagery, and then approaches the accurate position by means of point of golden section.

采用实验的方法，利用标准钢丝样本和直尺样本，先采用DR成像的方法大致确定投影中心的位置，然后利用黄金分割点逼近准确位置。

And then fuzzy least square support vector machines are proposed based on support vector domain description. Data samples in the feature space are described and the smallest enclosing hypersphere is obtained. The fuzzy membership value to each sample point is determined according to the distance of each sample from the center of the hypersphere, which can reduce the effect of outliers.

该方法先对样本进行数据域描述得到一个包含该组数据的最小半径的超球，再根据特征空间中样本与超球球心的距离确定它们的隶属度，减少了奇异点的影响；把所要求解的约束凸二次优化问题转化为正定线性方程组，并采用快速Cholesky分解的方法求解该方程组。

Aimed at the characteristic of multiple types of faults possibly happened in nuclear power plant, large scale of training sample, and requirement of quick and accurate diagnosing, after the analysis of large sample number generated by large fault type exceeds limitation of 64K paragraph in DOS and large number of local minmum in error surface, measurements of same format of data file, Win95/NT operating system platform, resetting weight learning rate, dynamic training set in quick learning algorithm and improvement on quick learning algorithm using homotopy method which can avoid local minmum points in error surface have been adopted to ensure quickly and effective process of the course of neural network's training and testing.

针对核动力装置可能发生的故障种类多，训练样本规模大，故障诊断需要快速准确的特点等，分析了样本多和故障种类多产生的训练样本量超出DOS段大小和网络误差曲面上局部极小值多的情况，采取了使用相同格式数据文件、Win95/NT操作系统平台，对快速学习算法采用重置神经网络权值学习率和动态训练集、并采用能够有效克服网络误差曲面上局部极小点的同伦方法对学习算法进行改进等措施保证神经网络训练测试过程的快速、有效地进行；针对装置发生的故障须快速、准确诊断的需要，分析了故障的产生对装置参数变化的影响及操纵员对故障诊断的基础，在核动力装置发生故障时参数曲线的变化量与正常运行时参数曲线的变化量存在明显差异的基础上，提出采用参数曲线的变化量作为神经网络的输入，并围绕参数变化量的方法采用二次曲线拟合滤波求变化量和阈值技术来保证神经网络得到精确的装置参数变化量，从而得到准确的诊断结果。

The dissertation mainly studied the key techniques which are the mathematics modeling of cone-beam CT simulation system, and the parallel rapid simulation of the projection imaging with STL phantom models. Then a cone-beam CT simulation system platform was developed, which provided the projection simulation for compounding phantoms, non-point X-ray source and multiple X-ray spectrums.

本文重点研究了锥束CT仿真系统的数学建模、STL样本模型投影成像的并行快速仿真等关键技术，开发构建了一个支持混合样本、非点光源与多光谱投影仿真的锥束CT仿真系统平台。

4 X y Sample regression line, sample data points

样本回归线，样本数据点和相关的误差估计项

Concerning these problems, this paper proposed a new reduction strategy for large-scale training sample set according to the analysis on the structure of the training sample set based on the point set theory.

针对这些问题，通过在点集理论的基础上分析训练样本集的结构，提出了一种新的支持向量机大规模训练样本集缩减策略。

This study conducted a secondary data analysis based on the data from 1999 Survey of Health and Living Status of the Middle Aged and the Elderly in Taiwan, provided by the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, R.O.C.. The study subjects were elders over 65 years old, and the number of valid samples was 2890. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test(X2), Independent-Samples t-test, point biserial correlation, the Pearson product-moment correlation, logistic regression analysis, multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis.

本研究乃是使用行政院卫生署国民健康局人口与健康调查研究中心执行之「台湾地区中老年身心社会生活状况长期追踪调查系列」1999年调查资料进行次级资料分析，研究样本为年满六十五岁以上之高龄者，有效样本数为2890人，针对所得的资料，以描述统计、单因子变异数分析、卡方检定、独立样本t检定、点二系列相关、皮尔森积差相关、逻辑回归、多元回归分析及阶层回归分析等统计方法进行分析。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐