样本点

Optimal screw path length: The distance from the optimal entrancepoint to the optimal vent point Screw tail distance: The distance between left and right optimalentrance point Transverse section angle: Half of the included angle between left andright optimal screw Sagital section angle: The average of angle between both side optimalscrew with the upper terminal plate 1.2.2 Modify the threshold of CT value to distinguish the rear partof the lumbar, Observate the the optimal entrance point and the adjustable range.

1.2.2三维重建观察螺钉最佳进钉点的位置和各方向螺钉进钉点关系，调整CT值下限阈值使椎弓后部结构尽量显示清晰，以利观察。 1.3统计方法本实验采用SPSS13.0统计软件。对同一椎体左右两侧椎弓根螺钉相对数据行计量资料配对样本t检验，对男女组间相关数据行计量资料独立样本t检验，对男女组内不同腰椎节段间相关数据行单向方差分析及不同腰椎节段间LSD法多重比较。

The representative points of positive case support vectors and negative case support vectors in sample set are defined, the measure and eigenfunction between sample x and y allusiveness from initial space to eigen space under a kernel function k are researched, and a correlative theorem with demonstration is given.

定义了样本集中的正例支持向量和反例支持向量的代表点，研究了原始空间样本x，y在核函数k映射下在特征空间中的x，y映象之间的度量和特征函数并给出了相关的定理及证明。

Finishing calculation of mean value, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis of Beta distribution.(2) Fitting parameters of many kinds of typical distribution and using residual deviation to evaluate fitting precision.(3) Using Beta distribution as an agreed indication distribution applied to many kinds of practical photoelectric measurement distributions.(4) Deriving theory formula of Bayes point estimation about Beta distribution parameters and mean value and standard deviation on the condition of mean square error loss function and supposed the prior distribution is uniform distribution.(5) Generating MCMC sample from post distribution by the method of Gibbs sample algorithm. Calculating bayes point estimation from sample on the condition of mean square error loss function. Calculating confidence interval by an approximate method to complete interval estimation.

本文的主要工作有：(1)解决了Beta分布参数a和b的精确计算以及均值、标准差、偏度、峰度的计算问题；(2)拟合出10余种典型分布的Beta分布的两个参数，并且采用剩余标准差评价该Beta分布的拟合精度；(3)对多种典型的光学与光电测量系统的测量分布进行了Beta分布统示表示；(4)在假设先验分布为均匀分布前提下，得到参数a和b以及均值μ和标准差σ在均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计理论计算公式；(5)利用直接抽样的Gibbs抽样算法，从后验分布中产生MCMC样本，从样本直接计算均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计，并使用一种近似方法计算其置信区间，完成区间估计。

Because of this, it has become the most popular method for counting forest birds. In this paper, the assumptions, types, and limiting factors of using point count method in bird survey ere introduced, with the focus on the appropriate selection of sample size, sampling points and sampling time, and the durations of efforts.

本文在介绍样点法的假设条件、类型和影响鸟类调查准确性因素的基础上，重点介绍了样点法在调查森林鸟类需要考虑的样本大小、样点布设、调查时间、每点的停留时间和调查周期等。

In§5.4,we discuss the hypothesis test problemwhen the location and scale parameter may all change.

5.3讨论尺度参数变点的假设检验问题，引述Wangand Bhatti(1998a)的结果，利用Csorgo and Horváth(1997)的定理，对于Wang andBhatti(1998a)提出的检验统计量〓，其中〓，我们获得了〓的大样本性质，即对于一切实数x〓11进一步地，给出变点〓的估计〓，利用Csorgo and Horváth(1997)的推论1.6.2，我们讨论了变点估计〓的渐近性质，由此，可以给出变点〓的区间估计，〓12其中〓，〓满足〓和〓，这里〓为〓的分布函数。

Firstly,the sampling design has great impact on the accuracy of remote sensing classification.There exists great randomicity on the result of points and cluster sample verification on the different Sampling design.On the same sampling design,the stability of point sample verification is higher than that of Cluster sample verification.Secondly,the average accuracy of different sampling designs of multi-point and multi-cluster sample verification can reflect the accuracy characteristic.During the course of point sample verification,stratified sampling's error is lower than others'.During the course of cluster sample verification,systematic sampling and stratified sampling's accuracy are prior to simple random sampling's.

研究结果表明：（1）抽样方式对遥感分类精度评价结果的影响是客观存在的，不同抽样方式下的点样本和群样本检验结果都存在一定的随机性，但同一种抽样方式下，点样本检验精度评估结果的波动幅度小于群样本检验，稳定性比群样本检验要好；（2）不同抽样方式下的多次点样本和群样本检验的平均精度检验结果基本上都能够反映分类图像的精度特征，其中，点样本检验中，分层随机抽样点样本检验效果较好；群样本检验中，系统抽样群样本检验和分层随机抽样群样本检验的效果优于简单随机抽样群样本检验。

Firstly, the paper, combining the characteristic of synchronous pulse bursts and inhibition with the modified PCNN model, presents a way of finding the foveation points in the images adaptively and effectively, and simulates the human vision system. Secondly, PCNN is extended to PCNNs, based on the properties of information couple and transmission, an algorithm that is used to fuse images of the same target got by several sensors to an image is presented to simulate the human vision system. Thirdly, combining the properties of synchronous pulse bursts, capture, and transmission and competition of waves, the paper presents two ways of classification, one is an algorithm based on the properties of neuron to capture and inhibit to classify the data taking on any complex unlinear distribution robustly, the other is based on the restricted distance and modified of the former to remove the influence of inferior samples in classification; Finally, based on the accumulative difference pictures, and the forming and transmission of PCNN wave, selecting and controlling the direction of autowave by connecting the neighbouring neurons selectively, the paper presents a way to simulate the tracks of moving object and detect the moving direction.

首先结合PCNN的同步脉冲发放和侧抑制特性，提出了基于改进型PCNN的图像凹点检测算法，该算法是一种自适应而有效的图像凹点检测方法，并且较好地仿真了人类视觉系统；然后，结合信息传递和信息耦合特性，将PCNN扩展成PCNNs，提出了一种基于PCNNs的图像融合算法，能够将多个传感器获取的同一目标的图像信息融合到一幅图像中，有效模拟了人类视觉系统；另外，结合PCNN的同步脉冲发放特性、捕获特性和波的传播竞争特性，开拓地将PCNN用于模式分类中，提出了基于耦合神经元点火捕获／抑制特性的分类方法和改进的约束距离下的PCNN分类方法，前者可实现对样本空间中任意复杂分布训练样本的稳健非线性分类，而后者能够消除训练样本中刺点对分类的影响；最后，结合累积差分图像思想、PCNN波的形成与传播特性，通过各神经元之间连接取向来选择与控制自动波的流向，将PCNN用于运动视觉分析中的运动轨迹模拟及运动方向检测。

Automatic color transfer effectively solves this issue. Carve up Roseau and subtractive clustering is applied in this paper. Completely automatic algorithm implementation is realized. In clustering, pixels are selected according to their brightness, and those with larger data density are cluster to sample block. First of colors in the same block are transferred first, others are transferred later.

本文将网格划分减法聚类应用到颜色迁移中，完全实现算法的自动化，聚类方法按照亮度值的大小依次聚类，从各个聚类域中提取出数据点密度较大的像素点集组成样本块，首先对每个样本块间进行颜色迁移，再完成样本块以外的其他像素的颜色迁移。

Shiau and Sun (2006) proposed an one-at-a-time scheme for Phase I process monitoring that only discards the most extreme out-of-control sample at a time.

Shiau 和 Sun (2006)针对第一阶段制程监控提出OAAT法，即研究一次只剔除一个最极端的管制外样本点的作法。

Analyzing the classification results obtained by sole SVM, the misclassified testing samples by SVM are mostly near the decision plane.

通过对SVM的识别结果进行分析发现，SVM和其它分类器一样，出错样本点多数集中在分类超平面附近。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。