样本

At first,the negative data is divided into several parts accumulatively according to the geometric distribution of the training data.

该方法首先根据样本的几何分布，用迭代的方式把负样本分成若干部分与正样本线性可分的样本；然后用L-SVM对这些正负样本进行分类，得到若干个线性分类器；最后，将这些线性分类器顺次组合，构成级联分类器。

We discuss asymptotically best linear unbiased estimators of the Logistic population based on selected order statistics and give the formula of computing the ABLUE, the variance and the covariance of the ABLUE in limit, and properties of the ABLUE, and so on. We give the optimum chosen of spacing which is the ABLUE with maximum asymptotic relative efficiency based on complete sample when selected order statistics number is less than 10, and obtain its maximum asymptotic relative efficiency.

讨论基于Logistic总体Ⅱ型截尾样本的若干个样本分位数的总体分布参数的近似最佳线性无偏估计；给出了该近似最佳线性无偏估计的计算公式，估计方差与协方差的极限表达式及估计量的大样本性质等；给出了全样本，样本分位点个数固定，但不超过10情形下，使上述近似最佳线性无偏估计有最大相对联合估计效率时，样本分位数选取法及最大相对联合估计效率；为大样本情形下，该近似最佳线性无偏估计的应用提供了理论依据。

Results:(1) subjects' appraisal and action intention of cosmetic surgery were low;(2) Peer's attitudes toward cosmetic surgery and the tendency to focus more on talent than beautiful were related to attitudes toward cosmetic surgery among male subjects;(3) peer's attitudes toward cosmetic surgery, perceived importance of appearance, agreeableness with media information, disagreeableness with media information, tendency to focus more on talent than beautiful and negative self-concept were related to attitudes toward cosmetic surgery among female subjects;(4)only a third of the subjects mentioned the agreeableness with the appearance of the celebrities, and male students preferred the tall and muscular physical appearances and female students preferred the skinny physical appearance.

结果：（1）研究样本对整形美容的评价及行动意图均偏低，其中女性比男性略低；（2）同侪整形美容态度及对才华相对於美丽的重视程度与男性样本之整形美容态度有显著相关；（3）同侪整形美容态度、外表重视程度、对媒体讯息的认同程度、对媒体讯息的批判怀疑程度、对才华相对於美丽的重视程度以及对自我的负面评价与女性样本之整形美容态度有显著相关；（4）多数学生并未对公众人物身材与外表有特别偏好，仅三分之一的样本提到对公众人物外型的认同，其中男性样本偏好的公众人物体型为身材高壮，女性偏好的公众人物体型为纤瘦。

The harm of worms' outbreak becomes greater and greater. Such make worm detection and defense technology face an increasingly tough challenge. Attack Signature Automatically Generation technology is one of the key technologies, this paper focuses on the ASAG technology for research, its main jobs include: 1）Analyzed the research status of ASAG technology from the overall, described its design goals and evaluation criteria, and the current approaches' limitations is given. 2） After deeply researching and analyzing a various of ASAG systems, a basic framework for the network ASAG system is presented, and the detailed analysis of the main function of the components in the framework is also presented. 3）An attack capture model based on distributed honey-pots system is presented. This mode integrates the anomaly detection which based on the mode of dubiety score in the honey-pots, can do a second filter for the samples in honey-pots, and improve the purity of the samples captured. 4） A simple noise-resilience ASAG algorithm is presented, which used the behavioral characteristics of the worm outbreak to generate efficient signatures of samples in the suspicious dataset, which contains large amounts of noisy data, under the complex environment.

攻击特征自动提取技术是网络蠕虫防御技术的关键技术，本文围绕攻击特征自动提取技术开展研究工作，其主要工作包括： 1）对攻击特征自动提取技术的研究现状进行了综述，介绍其设计目标与评价标准，并指出了现有方法存在的局限性； 2）在深入研究与分析各种攻击特征提取系统的基础上，提出基于网络的攻击特征自动提取系统的基本框架，并详细分析框架中各部件的主要功能； 3）提出了基于分布式蜜罐系统的攻击样本捕获模型，该模型在分布式蜜罐系统的基础上，结合基于可疑度模型的异常检测，对蜜罐中的样本进行二次过滤，较好地提高了捕获样本的纯净度； 4）提出一种简单抗噪的攻击特征自动提取算法，该算法利用蠕虫爆发时的行为特征，在复杂环境下含有大量噪声数据的可疑样本训练集中提取有效的特征，降低对样本纯净度的依赖。

Secondly, for the same hash function, the sample with the minimum hash value is selected as the global sample and the local samples are combined at the center node to filter out the biased effect of duplicated updates.

然后，对于相同散列函数产生的样本选取具有最小散列值的样本作为全局样本，完成局部样本集在中心节点的合并，滤除在分布节点上的重复更新对样本偏斜的影响。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

Acquired conclusion was that the sample mean value submitted to normal distribution, and the sample variance was composed of a number of linear sum of random variable submitted to Chi-Squared distr.

得出的结论是：样本均值服从正态分布，样本方差由若干个服从卡方分布的随机变量的线性之和组成；样本均值的期望等于各管落点期望的算术平均值，方差为各管方差的算术平均值；样本方差是各管落点总体平均方差的无偏估计，方差与各管落点散布的差异相关；样本均值与方差相互独立的充要条件是：各管落点属于独立同分布样本。

Firstly,the sampling design has great impact on the accuracy of remote sensing classification.There exists great randomicity on the result of points and cluster sample verification on the different Sampling design.On the same sampling design,the stability of point sample verification is higher than that of Cluster sample verification.Secondly,the average accuracy of different sampling designs of multi-point and multi-cluster sample verification can reflect the accuracy characteristic.During the course of point sample verification,stratified sampling's error is lower than others'.During the course of cluster sample verification,systematic sampling and stratified sampling's accuracy are prior to simple random sampling's.

研究结果表明：（1）抽样方式对遥感分类精度评价结果的影响是客观存在的，不同抽样方式下的点样本和群样本检验结果都存在一定的随机性，但同一种抽样方式下，点样本检验精度评估结果的波动幅度小于群样本检验，稳定性比群样本检验要好；（2）不同抽样方式下的多次点样本和群样本检验的平均精度检验结果基本上都能够反映分类图像的精度特征，其中，点样本检验中，分层随机抽样点样本检验效果较好；群样本检验中，系统抽样群样本检验和分层随机抽样群样本检验的效果优于简单随机抽样群样本检验。

Both TEDS 2003 and 2004P were composed of panel samples and independent samples. Panel samples are those respondents who were interviewed in TEDS 2001 and independent samples are those respondents who were never interviewed before.

TEDS 2003与2004P调查的成功样本分为固定样本与独立样本两类，其中固定样本是再次访问TEDS 2001的成功样本，而独立样本则是该次访问另行独立抽出的受访者。

Each test will take notes of duration of usage, times for mistake taken and subjective fulfillment, and analyze by SPSS. The research found:（1）In the experiment of stapling papers with different thickness, sample 1 and 3 perform better for the subjects with lower muscle strength. With the same result as experts' tests, Sample 1 and 3 are much suitable for more user groups.（2）in the experiment of filling, sample 3 and 4 are easier and more effective for people with lower muscle strength. The results were concert with experts' test, and it also made fewer mistakes. The staplers which are designed in Universal Design principles still can be improved in filling.

研究发现：(1)在装订纸张堆叠厚度实验中，样本一与样本三在针对肌力的弱势族群比样本二与样本四有较佳的表现，与「专家检测」的结果一致，显示样本一与样本三的机构设计适用於较广泛的使用族群；(2)在订书针装填实验中，样本三与样本四针对肌力的弱势族群比样本一与样本二的完成度更高，结果与「专家检测」的结果一致，其失误率较低，显示经通用设计改良之订书机在订书针装填机构设计上仍有改善的空间。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。