株

When the mevinphos was utilized for a long time in highland barley field, the young-root of next-season cole shortened 1.9~2.0cm and fresh weight decreased 0.13~0.14g per individual plant compared with the control. Low-tillage in time after autumn-harvest showed that the weed seeds in the ground surface were harrowed into the tilth of 0~10cm. Early-low-tillage in spring-sow of the next year induced weed seeds of soil surface to germinate and come out ahead. After 10 days, tillage-sow can decrease about 40% weeds. Compared to the normal plough-row, direct late-tillage-row was postponed 10 days, and can decrease about 30% weeds. In the seedling period or later, rudimental weed seeds were handled with a hoe, which led to better cure and control effects and had more benefits to the young seedling growth and yield of the next-season crop.

研究结果表明：氟乐灵在油菜田长期使用时，土壤残留农药抑制下茬青稞幼根生长，幼根较对照株缩短3.0~3.1cm/株，鲜重量减少0.19~0.20g/株；甲磺隆在青稞田长期使用时，下茬油菜幼根较对照株缩短1.9~2.0cm/株，鲜重量减少0.13~0.14g/株；秋收后及时浅耕可将落入地表的杂草种子全耙入0~10cm耕层内；翌年春播早浅耕可诱发土壤表层的杂草种子提前萌发出苗，10d后耕种，能防除40%左右的杂草株数；较正常播种期推迟10d后直接晚耕播种，可防除30%左右杂草株数；苗期或后期拔出残余杂草种子时，除草效果理想，对下茬作物幼苗生长发育及产量无任何不良影响。

To culture antibiotic overproducing strains, the study include using different physical and chemical factors to induce Streptomyces thermocarbonxydus var shandaensis to mutation. After original strain were mutagensised by UV combined LiCl、~(60)Co、 DES, 9 high-yield strains were obtained.

通过紫外线加氯化锂复合诱变得到高产菌株UV—18、UV—19、UV—20，其中菌株UV—19的发酵上清液抑菌圈直径是原种的1.875倍；通过~(60)Co诱变得到高产菌株Co—22、Co—36、Co—38，其中菌株Co—38的发酵上清液抑菌圈直径是原种的1.68倍；通过硫酸二乙酯诱变得到高产菌株DES—21、DES—31、DES—37，其中菌株DES—21的发酵上清液是原种的1.52倍。

By use of site mutation strategy and PCR technology, we obtained the gene P12X3C that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B and 3B and the gene P12X3C3D that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C, 3D and a part of 2B and 3B. After being digested by restriction enzyme respectively, the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were cloned into the pcDNA3. 1 and pTARGET expression vector that were digested by the same enzyme. Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. Further more, recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells by using lipoid. The proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus , which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELISA and fluoroscopy, and the capsid of FMDV was tested by electron microscope. In order to evaluate enhanced immune response of guinea pigs against FMDV, DNA vaccines which were designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid and contained the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were injected respectively with FMDV 3D protein which was expressed in Pichia Pastoris Secreted expression System and purified or with pcDNA3. 1/IFN which includes the gene IFN-α of cattle. Subsequently, Recombinant plasmids were injected to cattles with or without pcDNA3. 1/IFN. Anti-FMDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the T lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by MTT assay, neutralization antibodies titers were analyzed by micro-neutralization assay.

为研制带有O型口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)China99株结构蛋白基因及多个非结构蛋白基因的DNA疫苗，本研究通过定点突变方法和PCR扩增方法，获得包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C和包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C、3D以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C3D，将获得的基因片段直接/酶切后与同样处理的真核表达质粒连接，分别得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C和pcDNA3.1/P12X3C3D、pTARGET/P12X3C3D；对重组质粒进行序列测定、分析，并将重组质粒分别转染BHK-21细胞，通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法检测细胞中FMDV抗原的表达，用电子显微镜观察病毒空衣壳的组装；为评价重组质粒作为DNA疫苗对实验动物及本动物的免疫效果，将重组质粒经肌肉注射方法接种豚鼠，并与酵母表达的纯化FMDV China99株3D蛋白及带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/IFN分别/同时免疫，第二次免疫后第三周豚鼠攻以1OOID〓或1000ID〓的O型FMDV China99株；随后将质粒pcDNA3.1/P12X3C、pcDNA3.1/P12X3C3D与带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/IFN同时免疫牛，三周后经牛舌皮攻以10〓ID〓的O型FMDV China99株。

By use of site mutation strategy and PCR technology, we obtained the gene P12X3C that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B and 3B and the gene P12X3C3D that includes full length PI, 2A, 3C, 3D and a part of 2B and 3B. After being digested by restriction enzyme respectively, the gene P12X3C and the gene P12X3C3D were cloned into the pcDNA3.1 and pTARGET expression vector that were digested by the same enzyme. Recombinant plasmids were checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. Further more, recombinant plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells by using lipoid. The proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus, which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELlSA and fluoroscopy, and the capsid of FMDV was tested by electron microscope. In order to evaluate enhanced immune response of guinea pigs against FMDV, DNA vaccines which were designed to produce viral capsids lacking infectious viral nucleic acid and contained the gene P12X3C and the gene P 12X3C3D were injected respectively with FMDV 3D protein which was expressed in Pichia Pastoris Secreted expression System and purified or with pcDNA3.1/lFN which includes the gene IFN-a of cattle. Subsequently, Recombinant plasmids were injected to catties with or without pcDNA3.1/IFN. Anti-FMDV antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the T lymphocyte proliferation response was tested by MTT assay, neutralization antibodies liters were analyzed by micro-neutralization assay.

为研制带有O型口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus，FMDV)China99株结构蛋白基因及多个非结构蛋白基因的DNA疫曲，本研究通过定点突变方法和PCR扩增方法，获得包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C和包含有FMDV China99株结构蛋白P1、非结构蛋白2A、3C、3D以及部分2B、3B编码基因的片段P12X3C3D，将获得的基因片段直接／酶切后与同样处理的真核表达质粒连接，分别得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C和pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D、pTARGET／P12X3C3D；对重组质粒进行序列测定、分析，并将重组质粒分别转染BHK-21细胞，通过双抗体夹心ELISA方法和间接免疫荧光标记方法检测细胞中FMDV抗原的表达，用电子显微镜观察病毒空衣壳的组装；为评价重组质粒作为DNA疫苗对实验动物及本动物的免疫效果，将重组质粒经肌肉注射方法接种豚鼠，并与酵母表达的纯化FMDV China99株3D蛋白及带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN分别／同时免疫，第二次免疫后第三周豚鼠攻以100ID_(50)或1000ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株：随后将质粒pcDNA3.1／P12X3C、pcDNA3.1／P12X3C3D与带有牛α干扰素的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1／IFN同时免疫牛，三周后经牛舌皮攻以10~4ID_(50)的O型FMDV China99株。

The four experimental virus strains and the three collate virus strains were divided into two groups, and belonged two evolutionary branches. Although ADV-DL1, DL2 and DL3 were all belonged to the Da Lian separated strains, they had the ulterior genetic relationship. The nuclear sequences of the obtained experimental ADV virus strains, ADV virus collate virus strains and typify virus strains of other four Parvovirus generic were cladogram analyzed with the Clustal W method of software DNA Star.

结果表明，ADV-Utah与四个实验毒株的序列同源性较高，同源率为92.9-93.4％，ADV-G、ADV-SL3与实验毒株的同源性较低；四个实验毒株和三个参考毒株被分别划归为两个组，分属于两个进化分支；实验毒株中ADV-DL1与DL2和DL3虽然同为大连分离株，却表现出较远的亲缘关系。

The 59 pure cultural isolates, including 3 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumarinum, 26 other Fusarium isolates and 20 fungi, 6 bacteria, 7 actinomycetes from cucumber rhizosphere, have been detected by PCR-RFLP and Nested-PCR. It shows that PCR-RFLP is special for the pathogen of Cucurbits Fusarium Wilt, and Nested-PCR is special for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumarinum.

本论文应用PCR-RFLP和巢式PCR程序对3株黄瓜尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumarinum)、26株镰孢属部分真菌及分离自土壤的20株真菌、6株细菌和7株放线菌共59个菌株进行扩增，表明PCR-RFLP程序对瓜类枯萎病菌具有特异性，而巢式PCR对黄瓜尖镰孢菌具有特异性，巢式PCR程序检测黄瓜尖镰孢菌的特异性高于PCR-RFLP程序。

The results show that there are 85 colonies of bacteria which can be divided into 9 genera, 28 pure colonies of actinomyces belong to 2 genera, 13 fungi culturists of 5 genera are gotten.

结果表明：从珙桐根际和非根际土壤中共得到细菌菌株85株，分属于9个属；放线菌菌株28株，分属于2个属；真菌菌株13株，分属于5个属。

There are 47 colonies of bacteria which can be divided into 12 genera, 31 pure colonies of actinomyces belong to 3 genera, 20 fungi culturists of four genera are gotten.

从两样地共得到细菌菌株47株，分属于12个属；放线菌菌株31株，分属于3个属；真菌菌株20株，分属于4个属。

The result of the antibacterial and antifungal assay shows that thirty five strains of the endofungi (58.3% of total tested strains) have antibacterial activities, the active strains mostly belong to sterile groups (51.4% of active strains), Penicillium (8.6%), Aspergillus (8.6%), Fusarium(8.6%); forty nine strains (81.7% of total tested strains) have antifungal activites, most of them belong to sterile groups (44.9% of active strains), and Gloeosporium (17.1%).

结果 共有35株内生真菌具有抗细菌活性，占待侧菌株总数的58.3%，其中以不产孢类、青霉属、曲霉属、镰孢属为主，分别占活性菌株总数的 51.4%、8.6%、8.6%、8.6%；共有49株内生真菌具有抗真菌活性，占待侧菌株总数的81.7%，其中以不产孢类和盘长孢属为主，分别占活性菌株总数的44.9%、17.1%。

With methods of limited areas, root systems of plant individuals were limited in a specific range, providing definite spatial boundary and solid basis for calculation of water requirement needed by plant individuals. On the basis of calculation of amount of water requirement, areas needed by every species to ensure enough water requirement are as follows: Populus simonii is 80.3m〓, Ulmus macrocarpa is 35. 4m〓, Artemisia halodendron is 7. 0m〓, Salix gordejvii is 11. 2m〓. Prunus armeniaca is 15. 2m〓, and Caragana microphylla is 15. 6m〓. The corresponding rational density of plantation which can maintain soil water balance and can ensure plantation stability is 125 individuals/ha for Populus simonii, 285 individuals/ha for Ulmus macrocarpa, 625 individuals/ha for Prunus armeniaca, 625 individuals/ha for Caragana microphylla, 833 individuals/ha for Salix gordejvii, and 1428 individuals/ha for Artemisia halodendron, respectively.

运用有限面积法将植物根系限制在明确的边界内，为植物耗水量的计算提供了一个明确的空间边界范围和可靠的基础，探索性和尝试性地得出了近似野外真实状态下植物个体的耗水量，以此为基础计算得出小叶锦鸡儿、山杏、黄柳、差巴嘎蒿、榆树、杨树等树种的水分营养面积分别是15.6m〓、15.2m〓、11.2m〓、7.0m〓、35.4m〓和80.3m〓，与此对应的能够维持林地土壤水分平衡和林分稳定性的各树种人工林的合理密度为：杨树125株/公顷，榆树285株/公顷，杏树625株/公顷，小叶锦鸡儿625株/公顷，黄柳833株/公顷，差巴嘎蒿1428株/公顷。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。