树种

Tilia amurensis,one of the mainly associated tree species in natural broad-leavedKorean pine mixtures and broad-leaved species mixtures of Changbai and small Xinganmountain area,is one of the important broad-leaved species for timber production.

紫椴是长白山和小兴安岭山脉阔叶—红松混交林及阔叶混交林的主要伴生树种之一，也是东北林区重要的阔叶用材树种之一。

The results revealed that the dominant species was Vaccinium duclouxii, and more than 2/3 of tree species and 72.7% of the total individuals (DBH≥3cm) were regenerated by sprouting.

树种的萌生现象非常突出，超过2/3的树种具有萌生现象，在DBH≥3cm的植株中有72.7%是由无性系萌株产生的。

The procedure, from budding to grow up, is a significant difference in every different land use type. It's very difficult to invade into the natural forest without any disturbance; For the sake of failure forestation and reclamation, L. lucocephalla and intolerant spices will invade into mixed woodland, and it will be a new dominant after competition finally; They has a high probability for invasion a..nd spread at abandon rural and graze land. The spread area of L.

种子萌芽到成株的过程中，因土地利用类型不同有显著差异，未经干扰之天然林银合欢无法入侵；次生林地由於造林失败或开垦之原因，银合欢与其他阳性树种一起入侵，经过生长竞争后，银合欢会逐渐成为优势树种；而休耕之裸露地或停止放牧之草生地，银合欢之入侵及扩散机率最大。

Pinus bungeana is a special tree specie in northern China, it has become a fine tree in beautifying cities and gardens.

白皮松是我国北方的特有树种，目前已成为城市和庭园绿化的优良树种。

Its the best model tree specie in forest engineering genetic breeding, So it has many advantages, such as smaller genome, easier to propagate and operate than many other tree species through traditional and molecular methods.

由于其基因组小，有性和无性繁殖容易，在传统和分子操作上要比大多数树种简单，所以它是林木基因工程育种的理想模式树种。

The result pointed out that the vertical distribution of foliage for each species was different,however,generally speaking,the foliage in upper crown (0.3CL) for broad-leaved species in natural secondary forest took a small percentage,about 10%;in middle or middle lower of the crown(0.4CL to 0.8CL) the branches here took the majority percentage of whole foliage,almost 60%to 75%;but in lower crown(0.8CL),there was about 10%of whole foliage.(5)The interspecies competition of trees in secondary forest was expressed by Hegyi competitioin index,and the active competitor was calculated by the competition zone radius and the tree position,DBH,and distance in the zone,it was not all competitors in tranditional calculation.The study introduced crown area overlap index to describe the crown competition between subject tree and its competitors,furthermore,the crown area was classified into 5 levels with a method of equal crown projection area,therefor,the resulting crown area overlap index showed more realities of existing stand conditons.(6)Based on the theoretics of multiply divide,the spatial strcture optimizing model of secondary forest stand selective thinning was developed by diversity mingling,aggregation index,competition index and crown area overlap index,also designed 10 constraint conditions which were related to forestry meanings,the objective function was solved by the implicit enumeration method with LINGO 9.0,using 0-1 integer programming.

并且得出，每个树种在树冠内相对高度上的叶量的垂直分布是不同的，天然次生林阔叶树种的叶量在树冠的上部(0.3CL以下)所占比例很小，约占10%左右；在树冠的中部以及中下部(0.4CL～0.8CL)，叶量所占比例最大，几乎集中了整个树冠60%～75%的叶量；而在树冠的下部(0.8CL以下)，几乎占很少的叶量，大约10%左右。5、采用Hegyi竞争指数来表现次生林内林木的竞争关系，并且根据竞争圈的大小和林木在竞争圈内的分布位置、大小与距离来计算有效的竞争木，并不是传统意义上的全部竞争木；本研究提出用树冠叠加指数来表示林木与周围树木的树冠竞争情况，并采用等树冠投影面积法把树冠分为5级，这样计算的树冠叠加指数更加与现实林分相符。6、本研究基于乘除法的思想，用多样性混交度、聚集指数、竞争指数和树冠叠加指数构建了天然次生林择伐空间优化模型，设计了10个与林学意义相一致的约束条件，并采用0-1整数规划的思路，在LINGO9.0软件中使用了隐枚举法对目标函数求得最优解。7、以M702标准地为应用实例，具体计算出了每株采伐木，经过择伐后，目标函数值按模型设计的要求发生了极大的改变，增加了5倍多，说明了最后这个解的优良性，满足了设计的要求。

The primary 26 afforested tree species in City Harbin were chosen as research object and were investigated with LCA-4 Infrared Gas Analysis System.

以哈尔滨市常见的26种主要绿化树种为研究对象，利用LCA-4型红外气体分析系统，观测了绿化树种7月的降温增湿效应。

Some suggestions on planning urban roadside trees species that may increase the quality of street afforesting, were proposed through verification of trees nature and climate feature suitable for Jinzhou.

通过对适合锦州地区气象特征的行道树种品质的论证，以及对行道树树种搭配与更替问题的探讨，提出进一步提高本地区城市道路绿化质量的行道树树种规划建议。

Ingredients of vegetation in the tested plots, soil nutrition and soil profiles constitution were examined during pigeonpea podding stage each year in the tested agroforestry systems.

在中国云南省怒江流域设计升营造木豆与不同树种的混交生态林，每年木豆结荚期样地调查各树种的生长量（株高、地径、冠幅、一级分杖等）、木豆产量、植被变化情况、土壤剖面（造林2年后进行，并设对照剖面）。

Cultivate the main broad-leaved species are: Sapporo umbrella maple, almond, peach hearts, red beans Hainan, the Hainan Putao, Yau Ma Fu, Terminalia catappa pumilum; palm trees are: the elderly Kwai , A Li Hai date, Silver Date Palm, Queen's Kwai, bottle palm, coconut King, king coconut, betel nut false; shape shrubs are: luteolin Lam, Le cuckoo, Ziwei pumilum, Hongguo, the red car, Zhu Geun category The company is' production and research 'base, is currently working with South China Agricultural University College of Forest Watch breeding experts to develop eucalyptus, this production base for chemical and Zhanjiang Normal College teachers and students of the College of Life Sciences internship places.

主要培植的阔叶树种有：幌伞枫，扁桃，桃花心，海南红豆，海南蒲桃，马孚油，细叶榄仁；棕榈科树种有：老人葵，加拿利海枣，银海枣，皇后葵，酒瓶椰子，霸王椰子，大王椰子，假槟榔；造型灌木有：木犀榄，簕杜鹃，细叶紫薇，红果，红车，朱槿类。本公司是'产学研'基地，目前正与华南农业大学林学院育种专家合作开发观赏桉树，本生产基地为湛江师范学院化学与生命科学学院师生的实习场所。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。