树皮

Day-to-day culinary life was even less appetising:"They make a sort of porridge or bread of the under bark of the spruce, fir and larch, which they cut in small pieces, mixing it with milk or dried fish."

日常的炊厨生活就更难引人食欲了，"他们用杉树、枞树和松树的里层树皮煮粥或烤面包，先将树皮切成小块，和牛奶以及干鱼混在一起。"

The culture of bark cloth around the estuary of Pearl River might be the origin of this kind of cultures throughout the world.

环珠江口树皮布文化很可能是全球树皮布文化的源头。

The stone bat with bark cloth, found in the Dawan culture around the estuary of Pearl River, is known to be the earliest and the most reliable material attached to the technique of back cloth in the Main Land of China.

环珠江口一带的大湾文化中发现的树皮布石拍是中国大陆目前所知唯一年代最早，可靠性最强的与树皮布技术相关的资料。

The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former....

马萨诸塞州垦区的印第安人的总管戈金，曾在一六七四年这样写道：他们的最好的尖屋用树皮盖顶，干净清爽，紧密而温暖，这些树皮都是在干燥的季节中，从树身上掉下来的，趁树皮还苍翠的时候，用相当重的木材压成巨片。

Result shows that the Apriona germari adult insect prefer to eat Broussonetia papyrfera and reject to eat other tree species which result in difference in natural life and fecundity. Total sugar and dissolvable protein content in the bark is not the cause of rejection. Difference of dissolvable sugar and amino acid may be the reason of preference while difference of dissolvable phenolics and tannin content may explain the rejection.

取食构树的桑天牛成虫取食量大，存活时间长，产卵量大，遗卵量少，其他3个树种则相反。4树种树皮内总糖和可溶性蛋白含量与桑天牛抗性无关，树皮内可溶性糖含量、总氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量对抗性有一定影响。4树种树皮内水溶性总酚含量和单宁含量差异对成虫取食有较大影响，酚类和单宁等次生物质对桑天牛成虫的忌避作用是导致抗性的主要原因。

Bast fibers of Edgeworthia papyrifera purchased from mainland China and the Taimali research station of TFRI were pulped with the soda process, the alkali sulfite process, and sodium carbonate liquor, respectively. The yield, the kappa number, and the defiberating ratio under various alkali charges and alkali concentrations were evaluated.

本试验以自大陆进口之三桠树皮及林业试验所太麻里分所栽植之三桠树皮进行制浆试验，制浆之方法有苏打法、碱性亚硫酸钠法及以碳酸钠为蒸煮药品等三种，并由用碱量及药液浓度之变化来探讨三桠树皮之收率、卡巴值及解纤率。

Through research and analysis of data, it was observed that the length and width of bark fiber varied according to the lop and age, the results show the fiber of the Salix bark is longer than the Salix and width of fiber almost same, fiber length of the Salix bark mainly influenced by the times of lop. The ash in Salix bark,1% Sodium Hydroxide Solubility in Salix bark, water solubility in Salix bark, Ethanol-Toluene in Salix bark, acid-insoluble lignin in Salix bark changed with the lop and age is also been investigated, the component of Salix bark is higher than Salix except acid-insoluble lignin,and it's high effected by times of lop; the TG analysis and DSC analysis is been used on the Salix bark and Salix to study the character of the hot-action, and the rang of the pyrogenate temperature is confirm; the quantity of Salix bark effect on the MOR, MOE, swelling in 24h water, nail withdraw and inner strength was determined, the results show that the Salix bark notability effect on the properties of board and dropped it; the properties of the Salix bark board is nearly the board product by other bark residues, it was established the multi regression equation of each properties and optimized the fitting produce condition of Salix bark board.

通过试验和数据处理，得出了沙柳树皮纤维长度、宽度随平茬和材龄的变化规律，结果表明沙柳树皮长度要比沙柳材的要长，宽度基本相同，沙柳树皮纤维长度主要受平茬次数的影响；找出了沙柳树皮中灰分、冷热水抽出物为、1%NaOH抽出物为，甲苯乙醇抽出物、酸不溶木素与平茬次数和材龄之间的关系，除酸不溶木素外，其他成分均明显高于沙柳材，沙柳树皮的化学成分主要受平茬次数的影响；利用TG和DSC法分析了沙柳树皮和沙柳材的反应热特征，确定了热解的温度范围；研究了沙柳树皮量对于刨花板MOR、MOE、吸水厚度膨胀率、握钉力以及内结合强度的影响，结果证明沙柳树皮量对于刨花板的各项性能指标影响显著，它的掺入降低了刨花板的各项性能；对沙柳树皮板的研究表明，沙柳树皮板的各项性能与同类树皮板的性能基本相近，建立的二次回归模型稳定，并利用回归方程求出了适宜的沙柳树皮板制造工艺。

Gookin, who was superintendent of the Indians subject to the Massachusetts Colony, writing in 1674, says,"The best of their houses are covered very neatly, tight and warm, with barks of trees,slipped from their bodies at those seasons when the sap is up, and made into great flakes, with pressure of weighty timber, when they are green…… The meaner sort are covered with mats which they make of a kind of bulrush, and are also indifferently tight and warm, but not so good as the former…… Some I have seen, sixty or a hundred feet long and thirty feet broad…… I have often lodged in their wigwams, and found them as warm as the best English houses."

马萨诸塞州垦区的印第安人的总管戈金，曾在一六七四年这样写道：&他们的最好的尖屋用树皮盖顶，干净清爽，紧密而温暖，这些树皮都是在干燥的季节中，从树身上掉下来的，趁树皮还苍翠的时候，用相当重的木材压成巨片。……较蹩脚的尖屋也用灯心草编成的席子盖顶，也很紧密而温暖，只是没有前者那么精美……我所看到的，有的是六十英尺，或一百英尺长，三十英尺宽。……我常常住在他们的尖屋中，发现它跟最好的英国式屋子一样温暖。&

Beavers in the wild usually eat the bark of poplar, willow, birch and maple trees, using the wood for their dams.

野生海狸通常会啃咬杨树皮、柳树皮、白桦树皮等，用啃下来的木头去修建他们的小窝。

From the results, it was found that sufficient resorcinol was needed for PRTF copolymer resins to have cold-setting property. The PRTF copolymer resins made from Taiwan acacia bark extractives with P/=1/1 had cold-setting capability at the ratio of resorcinol to bark extractives was 25/75, but 50/50 was needed for China fir bark extractives to have cold-setting property.

由试验结果得知，PRTF-B共聚合树脂中仍须有足够的间苯二酚始可具备常温硬化性，以相思树树皮萃取物为原料者，在P/=1/1时，间苯二酚与树皮萃取物之比例为25/75者具常温硬化性，而以杉木树皮萃取物为原料者，则间苯二酚与树皮萃取物之比例则须50/50始具有常温硬化性。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。