标记

Genetic analysis were carried out to identify powdery mildew and strip rust resistance genes in the F2 of Am6-4 amphiploid and wheat variety Jinan17. Results showed that resistances to powdery mildew and stripe rust were controlled by a single dominant gene respectively. 124 SSR primers from genome D were used for marker analysis, marker Xgwm98 150(150为下标) from the chromosome 6D was found to be linked to the new powdery mildew resistance gene with a linkage distance 20.42 cM; A special DNA band was amplified by primere xgwm33 in resistant stripe rust plants, resistance gene for stripe rust was localized on chromosome 1D, and the genetic distance between resistance gene and marker is 8.0 cM.

利用Am6-4与济南17F2分离群体进行白粉病和条锈病抗性基因的遗传分析结果证明，Am6-4中的抗白粉病和抗条锈病基因均为单显性基因；以124对D基因组SSR引物进行标记分析，引物Xgwm98在抗白粉病DNA池和单株中能扩增出特异标记带，标记与抗白粉病基因间的遗传距离为20.42cM，并将抗白粉病基因定位于6D染色体；引物Xgwm33能在抗条锈病DNA池和单株中扩增出特异标记带，标记与抗条锈病基因间的遗传距离为8.0cM，并将抗条锈病基因定位于1D染色体。

The results revealed that nine of the fourteen Y-specific markers cannot be used for investigating the swamp buffalo Y chromosome genetic diversity because of the reasons specified below: three microsatellites markers (INRA008, UMN0103 and UMN0504) were single allele and monomorphism, three (UMN1113, UMN0304 and BC1.2) indicated three alleles respectively but mornomorphism, and the other three (UMN0920, UMN0307 and UMN3008) showed irregular ladder-like bands. Only the remaining five microsatellites (INRA124, INRA189, BM861, PBR1F1 and UMN2001) indicated polymorphisms, and thus can be applied to study the swamp buffalo Y chromosome genetic diversity.

结果表明，3个标记（INRA008，UMN0103和UMN0504）只有1个等位基因，表现为单态；3个标记（UMN1113，UMN0304和BC1.2）均为3个等位基因，但呈单态；3个标记（UMN0920，UMN0307和UMN3008）呈现无规律的梯状条带，所以这9个标记都不适用于水牛的Y染色体遗传多样性研究；只有5个标记（INRA124，INRA189，BM861，PBR1F1和UMN2001）具有多态性，表明适用于水牛的Y染色体遗传多样性研究。

Marking urinating and marking with unguis glands exist in only males. It was proven by the survey that male black muntjac would prefer to mark at the spots close to the chemical information left by females, what might represent the exist of competition on reproduction resources.

观察发现面腺标记是雌雄黑麂共有的化学标记行为，而行为性排尿和刨地行为则为仅雄性具有的标记行为；躺卧不具有化学标记作用，而排粪在化学标记上的作用则难以确定。

Off-line processing techniques such as free recall, cued recall, recognition and summarization were used in the past researches, these researches could investigate some aspects of the effects of text signals, but they couldn't make accurate conclusions on the processing mechanism of the effects of text signals. Therefore, it was important to probe into the mechanism of the effects of text signals with on-line processing technique of modern cognitive psychology.

在文章标记效应作用机制的研究方法上，以往文章标记效应研究者几乎都是运用延时加工测量技术进行研究的，如自由回忆、线索回忆、再认、写摘要等，这些研究虽然可对文章标记效应的某些方面进行探索，但对文章标记效应的作用机制不能作出明确的回答，因此，如何运用现代认知心理学的实时加工测量技术对标记效应的作用机制进行探讨，是本研究的一个重要的目的。

The results indicate that female wasps deposit HMPs on the chorion of host eggs with her ovipositor near the end of egg-laying process. Na ye females do not posses the ability for recognizing the marking pheromones and have to obtain the ability though the learning process, in which the wasp inserts her ovipositor into a host egg to determine whether the egg has been parasitized followed by antennal drumming on the exterior. Once the learning process is completed, the female wasp will be able to discriminate between parasitized and unparasitized hosts and reject a parasitized egg by simply drumming on the exterior of the egg. Learning plays an important role in reducing initial rejection time when an unsuitable host is encountered. Female wasps of T. astriniae can quickly learn to associate the presence of a HMP on host egg chrion with the internal status of the egg.

研究结果表明，玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄主标记信息素是在其产卵过程中的收场阶段由产卵器产生的，并且标记在寄主卵表的化学物质；玉米螟赤眼蜂对标记信息素的识别不具有先天性，其必须先用产卵器插入寄生卵来检测是否被寄生，然后其触角不停地敲击，通过学习获得对标记信息素的识别能力，从而放弃了对寄生卵的选择，学习对初始放弃时间有着重要影响，改善了其对寄主搜索效率，这种学习行为是与寄主联系在一起学习的，它能根据寄主被寄生与否而对标记信息素作出反应与不反应。

Ofeffective 1st branches, length of main inflorenscence, effective siliques of maininflorenscence, density of main inflorenscence, length of silique, seed per sillique,1000 seed weight, total effective siliques per plant had significant positive correlationwith yield per plant. Polymorphisms between zhongshuang No.4 and H228 was examined by SSR primers. 152 primers Showed polymorphisms, and a linkage map containing 123markers, including 18 linkage groups was constructed. The total genetic distance ofthe map was 3483.1cM, and the average distance of two adjacent markers was28.32cM.

选用SSR引物对中双4号和H228间进行多态性检测，有152对引物在双亲间表现多态性，用这些引物分别对142个株系进行检测，构建了含有123个SSR分子标记、18个连锁群的连锁遗传图，总图距为3483.1cM，标记间平均距离为28.32cM，各标记在18个连锁群上的分布很不均匀，其中，第1、12、13、17连锁群上分布标记较多，其它连锁群上分布标记较少。

The markedness theory is one of the most important theories in structural linguistics, which has already set up a complete system of theories from the1930s till today.

近年来，对标记现象以及标记理论的研究是语言学界的热点问题之一，标记理论在各个层面都有研究：有从认知角度谈标记理论的，有谈及标记理论与词汇教学的等等。

Results showed that after injection of HRP into medial recteus subnucleus of oculomotor nucleus,HRP labelled cells were found in contralateral abducens nucleus and also in vestibular nucleus and pontine ...

结果表明：注射HRP于大鼠动眼神经核内直肌亚核后，在对侧展神经核区以及前庭神经核、脑桥旁正中网状结构中发现HRP单标记细胞；在前庭神经核内，可见HRP单标记、GABA阳性和HRP/GABA双标记三类神经元，其中HRP/GABA双标记细胞占HRP标记细胞总数的47.1%。

First,scan and label all the pixel points in turn and judge the labeling conflicts exactly occurring during the labeling source and build the models of them,moreover add the rescan algorithm in order to eliminate the labeling errors aroused by label conflicts.

顺序扫描和标记二值图像的各个像素点，准确判断标记过程中出现的标记冲突，并建立标记冲突的模型，在算法中增加回溯扫描算法，消除标记冲突引起的标记误差。

Moreover, the high frequency radio can also be used in the optical label switching. The subcarrier multiplexing optical label and optical carrier suppression and separation optical label are based on modulating lightwave by radio, which were studied much and maybe have a good future.

另外，在光标记交换领域，利用高频的无线信号调制光波实现的副载波光标记和光载波抑制光标记现已有一些研究，这两种标记实现方案有很好的应用前景，但还有一些问题需要深入研究，本论文对SCM光标记信号的传输距离受限问题和OCSS光标记分组的全光波长变换问题进行了深入研究，并得到了一些有价值的结论。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。