柴油

M15 (methanol 15%, diesel 85%) and M30 (methanol 30%, diesel 70%) methanol/diesel fuel blends are tested in ZS1100 DI diesel engine. The study contents include load character, NO emission and smoke emission test. In addition, the solidifying point of the fuel blends is tested and the cost is estimated.

在ZS1100直喷式柴油机上，用自行配制的M15、M30甲醇－柴油混合燃料与纯柴油做了对比试验研究，进行了负荷特性、NO和碳烟的排放对比试验，还进行了混合燃料的浊点测试和成本估算。

The heavy oil combustion activator mainly used in heating stove of steel rolled, industrial stove, power plant stove, glass furnace ,metal furnace ,ceramic roller kiln and channel kiln .It can accelerate combustion , prevent over-burning, reduce the harmful gas emission. Its energy-saving reaches to 5-8%. Diesel oil combustion activator mainly used in the diesel oil engine which can strengthen atomization ,improve ignition conditions, adjust the value of cetane,restrict intense or knocking vibrations, reduce the fuel de-compound and black smoke emission, prevent over-burning, carbonization and reduce the machine's friction. Its fuel-saving reaches to 3-5%. High efficiency gasoline combustion activator mainly used in gasoline engine, which can improve the gasoline octane rating ,restrain extensive or knocking vibrations, reduce fuel de-compound , prevent over burning , carbonization, reducing machine's friction and toxic gas or black smoke emission, Its fuel saving reaches to 3-5%.

该产品分为重油、柴油和汽油燃烧催化剂三大类，重油燃烧催化剂主要用于轧钢加热炉，工业锅炉，发电厂锅炉，玻璃熔窑，金属熔炼炉，陶瓷辊道窑，隧道窑中，能够促进燃烧，防止结焦，节能达5-8%，减少有害气体的排放；柴油燃烧催化剂主要用于柴油发动机中，起到增强雾化、改善着火条件，调整十六烷值，抑制隆震爆震，降低燃料分解，防止结焦积碳的作用，同时减少机器磨损，节约燃料3-5%，减少黑烟及有害气体的排放；高效汽油燃烧催化剂用于汽油发动机中，能提高汽油辛烷值，平抑隆震爆震，降低燃料分解，防止结焦积碳，减少机器磨损，节约燃料3-5%，减少有害气体及黑烟的排放。

To evaluate the potential of several biodiesels, which had different content of fatty acid methyl ester, as substitute solvent for quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate, the type and content of fatty acid methyl esters in tested biodiesels were analyzed by gas chromatography, and 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl ECs were prepared with different biodiesels, respectively. The control test against gramineous weeds by the 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl ECs were carried out in greenhouse.

为评价不同来源生物柴油作为溶剂配制精喹禾灵乳油的效果，采用气相色谱法测定了几种生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯的种类及含量，利用相应制备的5%精喹禾灵乳油进行了防治禾本科杂草的盆栽试验，同时比较了不同生物柴油对药剂稀释液表面张力、干燥时间和在叶片表面沉积量等药液物理性状的影响。

Experiments were conducted to determine the intersolubility of Dimethyl Ether and diesel fuel in a thermo-physical property measuring system with high accuracy,which consists of temperature measurement system(measurement range-80~300 ℃with uncertainty less than ±0.002 ℃) and pressure measurement system(measurement range 0~2 MPa with uncertainty less than ±0.7 kPa).

利用高精度热物性测量系统对二甲醚与柴油的互溶性进行了实验研究。实验系统中温度覆盖范围为-80~300℃，测量不确定度小于±0.002℃；压力测量范围为0~2 MPa，测量不确定度小于±0.7 kPa。测量了10%、20%、30%的二甲醚/柴油混合燃料的饱和蒸气压力和临界互溶温度。研究表明：二甲醚与柴油互溶性良好。

Impact of composition upon the cold flow properties for biodiesel was investigated with gas chromatography-mass and cold filter plugging point tester based on the theories of molecular structure and crystal growth. Biodiesel may be considered a pseudobinary mixture consisting of components, with high-melting-point saturated fatty acid methyl esters and with low-melting-point unsaturated ones.

从分子结构出发，根据结晶理论，应用气质联用仪和低温性能测试仪研究生物柴油的组成对低温流动性的影响，为改善生物柴油的低温流动性提供理论指导，并提出生物柴油是伪二元混合物（高熔点的饱和脂肪酸甲酯和低熔点的不饱和脂肪酸甲酯）的观点。

Because its a retainable, bio-degradative and innoxious energy resource with high flash point, it aroused worldwide interest. In this research, alkali-catalysis and acid-catalysis were applied to prepare biodiesel from palm oils and palmitic acids respectively.

由于生物柴油各项性质与石化柴油极为相似，可以作为石化柴油的替代品，具有可再生、可降解、无毒、高闪点、对环境友好等优点，已引起许多国家广泛重视。

In Brazil, bioethanol cars (bioethanol is the petrol alternative, whereas biodiesel is the diesel alternative) have been outselling petrol vehicles and the same for Sweden where the Ford flex-fuel model outsells both the diesel and petrol variants.

在巴西，生物乙醇车（生物乙醇是汽油的替代，而生物柴油是柴油的替代）已超过了汽油车，并同时为瑞典，福特灵活燃料示范outsells双方柴油和汽油变种。

Based on the technology of exhaust gas recirculation, a new method for increasing thermal efficiency of a diesel hot air stove from a greenhouse was proposed.

针对目前使用的温室柴油热风炉存在的热利用率低和排放污染问题，提出了利用废气再循环技术来提高柴油热风炉热效率的方法，并研制出一种适用于温室内应用的全数字式智能监控柴油热风炉 EGR热交换设备，并阐明了其结构及工作原理。

Thinking of presenting problems, this research mainly studied some solid base catalysts which own higher catalysis ability and longer lifetime. Then, the phase diagram and equilibrium data of oil-alcohol-biodiesel-glycerol multiphase system were measured because the biodiesel producing process lacks of thermodynamic data.Based on a double-membranes theory and the thermodynamic data, a kinetic model was proposed. In addition, a mult-step extraction process was proposed to dispose the jatropha curcas l oil with high acid value in order to decrease the acid value. Then, a new technology of biodiesel producing using solid base as a catalyst was developed. The study objects and results are as follows.

本研究针对负载型固体碱催化剂活性组分易流失、使用寿命短的缺点，制备了高效、稳定的固体碱催化剂；针对生物柴油制备体系热力学数据缺乏的问题，测定了大豆油-醇-生物柴油-甘油体系的相图和平衡特性，在此基础上基于双膜理论，建立了固体碱制备生物柴油的动力学模型；同时针对酸价较高的麻疯果油，提出了先用甲醇或乙醇多级萃取降低酸价，再用固体碱催化制备的新工艺。

Nearly all diesel-powered equipment can use blends of up to 20 per cent biodiesel, and many engines can use higher-level blends or even pure biodiesel with little or no modification.

几乎所有的柴油动力设备可以使用最高混合20%生物柴油的燃料，而且许多发动机不需要改造就可以使用更高混合比的燃料，甚至使用纯生物柴油。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。