柴油

For the synthesis reaction of chalcone, cyclohexanone aldolization and biodiesel,γ-Al_2O_3-NaOH-Na solid superacid has a satisfactory catalytic activity. With hypnone and phenylaldehyde as raw material, amount of catalyst 7.5% wt% of material, mole ratio of hypnone and phenylaldehyde 1:1.1, reaction temperature 40℃, after 3 hours, the yield of chalcone can be up to 96.88%. With cyclohexanone as raw material, amount of catalyst 10% wt% of material, reaction temperature 190℃, after 3 hours, dimmer of cyclohexanone can be up to 85.66%.

将该固体超强碱催化剂应用于查尔酮、环己酮自缩合以及生物柴油的合成反应中，该改性固体超强碱催化剂表现出了良好的催化活性：以苯乙酮和苯甲醛为原料，反应温度为40℃，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的7.5％，苯甲醛与苯乙酮摩尔比为1：1.1，反应3h查尔酮产率可达96.88％；以环已酮为原料，催化剂用量为原料总质量的10％，反应温度为190℃，反应3h，二聚物的总收率可达85.66％；以动物油和甲醇为原料，醇油摩尔为9：1，催化剂用量为动物油质量的2％，反应温度为70℃，反应3h后，生物柴油的收率可达91.8％。

AL BEDWELL: Hybrid cars typically offer about the same fuel efficiency as diesel cars or a good modern diesel car but they cost more.

阿尔·贝德韦尔：混合动力汽车提供和柴油汽车或是很好的现代柴油汽车相同燃油效率，但它们的成本更多。

In microwave condition Ce~(4+) may oxidize sulfur compound such as the benzothiophene mainly in diesel fuel into sulfonea for the first time. By choosing proper solvent DMF to extract sulfonea, thus in microwave condition sulfur content in diesel fuel is reduced from 554ppm to 96ppm, up to 82.7% desulfurization ratio.

3微波条件下首次使用Ce~(4+)来氧化柴油中的硫化物并把这类硫化物氧化成砜类化合物，再选用合适的溶剂DMF，把这些砜类化合物通过萃取的方法除去，微波条件下的氧化脱硫可以将柴油中的硫含量从554ppm降到96ppm，达到82.7％的脱硫率。

Under supersonic condition Ce(superscript 4+) may oxidize sulfur compound such as benzothiophene in diesel fuel into sulfonea. By choosing a proper solvent to extract sulfonea, the sulfur content in diesel fuel is reduced from 554 mg/L to 25 mg/L with a desulfurization ratio of 95.5% and the sulfur content of diesel oil by oxidization is in line with the quality standard of diesel oil in World Fuel standard Ⅲ.

首次超声条件下使用Ce(上标 4+)氧化柴油中的硫化物，并把这类硫化物氧化成砜类化合物，再选用合适的溶剂将这些砜类化合物通过萃取方法除去，使柴油中的总硫含量从554mg/L降到25mg/L，达到了95.5%的高脱硫率。

In supersonic condition Ce~(4+) may oxidize sulfur compound such as benzothiophene mainly in diesel fuel into sulfonea for the first time. By choosing proper solvent to extract sulfonea, thus sulfur content in diesel fuel is reduced from 554mg/L to 25mg/L, up to 95.5 % desulfurization ratio and the sulfur content of diesel oil by oxidization meet to the quality standard of diesel oil in World Fuel standard III.

2在超声条件下首次使用Ce~(4+)来氧化柴油中的硫化物并把这类硫化物氧化成砜类化合物，再选用合适的溶剂DMF，把这些砜类化合物通过萃取的方法除去，从而将柴油中的总硫含量从554ppm降到25ppm，达到95.5％的高脱硫率。

When the mixture of bacteria strain MH and fungi strain Cladosporium is used, the extent of diesel biodegradation is significantly increased by 80% after five days; Diesel pollutants in aqueous solution can be completely removed by synergistic use of these MH and Cladosporium; The observed synergistic effect is closely related to the aromatics-resistance of the fungi strain Cladosporium, which in turn favors the growth of the MH.

当分支杆菌菌株和枝孢属菌株混合使用时，柴油在五天后的生物降解率高达80%；通过分支杆菌菌株和枝孢属菌株的协同降解作用可完全除去水体中的柴油污染物；协同作用主要涉及到枝孢属菌株对芳香烃的降解而促进了分支杆菌菌株的生长。

Mainly make ethylene, propylene, synthetic ammonia, hydrogen, ethyne, carbon black with gaseous state raw materials under the atmosphere.

液态原料(液化石油气，轻汽油，轻柴油，重柴油)经裂解可制成发展石油化工所需的绝大部分基础原料，是发展石油化工的基础。

After revamping, the unit has a processing ability to process diesel and coker gatch alternatively.

武汉分公司采用热高分流程对柴油加氢装置进行了技术改造，改造后加氢装置具有切换处理柴油和蜡油的能力，改善了焦化蜡油的性质，为催化裂化装置提供了优质的原料。

Synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification of rapeseed oil and methanol catalyzed by KOH/Al2O3 solid base was studied. The catalyst was prepared by isochoric impregnation. Effects of some factors on the transesterification were investigated systematically and reaction conditions were optimized. The optimum reaction conditions on KOH/Al2O3 catalyst were: mass ratio of KOH to Al2O3 20%; calcination temperature 400℃ for 5h; molar ratio of methanol to oil 12:1, the amount of catalyst 5wt%; reaction temperature 60℃ and reaction time 2h.

采用等体积浸渍法制备了KOH/Al2O3负载型固体碱催化剂，并将其用于菜籽油与甲醇酯交换法合成生物柴油的研究；分别考察了催化剂附载量、锻烧温度、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对生物柴油产率的影响；结果表明：用等体积浸渍法，在400℃煅烧5h，制得负载量为20%的KOH/Al2O3催化剂。

This paper focuses on the stability study of Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697 when used for the methanolysis of renewable oils for biodiesel production. The results showed that water content was important for achieving high catalytic activity and good stability of the biocatalyst. The optimum water content was found to be 5%-15%. Both particle size and desiccation methods showed no obvious effect on the stability of the biocatalyst. With GA cross-linking pretreatment, the stability of the biocatalyst could be improved significantly. When Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697 repeatedly used for next batch reaction, direct vacuum filtration was found to be a good way for the maintenance of good stability of the biocatalyst.

本实验对固定化全细胞Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697催化植物油脂合成生物柴油的稳定性进行了系统地研究，结果表明：反应体系水含量对于全细胞催化剂的反应活性和催化稳定性有重要影响， 5%~15%含水量适宜；研究范围内，载体粒度及干燥方式对稳定性影响不显著；经过戊二醛交联后，全细胞催化油脂甲醇解反应的稳定性显著提高， 1200 h反应后，仍然可以保持75%的生物柴油得率；真空抽滤直接回用的方式有利于稳定性的保持。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。