柱面

This paper deals with the aberrations of optical systems consisting of cylindrical components with their axes, parallal and having a common axis of symmetry.

本文首先由柱面系统中描写光线所须的参数和对称性，确定了同轴柱面系统的独立象差数是八个，而对无限远物体而言则只有六个。

Referring to the function of cylindrical lens and the principles of holographic optical elements, we make this holographic element, which can achieve the optical function of cylindrical lens, and have the advantage of large-scale, short focal length and well-distributed light energy, in order to meet the requirements of laser direct writing synthetic holograms.

实验结合激光直写合成全息拍摄时所需柱面透镜的功能，参考全息光学元件的制作原理来制作图像柱面压缩全息光学元件，实现柱面透镜的光学功能，并使元件具有大面积、短焦距、会聚光均匀分布的特点，满足激光直写合成全息拍摄对图像的需求。

The results show that as the distance of waveguide to mirror is short, the couple efficiencies for EH11 mode of the cylindrical mirror and the spherical mirror are similar but the cylindrical mirror has stronger restraining function on EH21 and EH12 modes, and as the distance of waveguide to mirror is long, the cylindrical mirror has more restraining function on EH21 mode and less restraining function on EH12 mode.

同时相对球面反射镜，柱面反射镜对EH21模和EH12模具有更强的抑制作用。在d较大时，相对球面反射镜柱面反射镜对EH21模的抑制作用将会变得更强，而对EH12模的抑制作用将会减弱。标签 laser technique reflection coupling diffraction waveguide laser square waveguide cylindrical mirror

In plates there exits a cylindrical bending wave, this wave runs with the same chance in all directions.

在板中的弯曲波主要为柱面波的形式，此柱面波在各方向上的传播机率相同。

It is suggested that for the diffraction efficiency optimization of the holographic grating recorded by plane and cylindrical waves the recording cylindrical wave and the geometrical dimension of the grating should be carefully designed according to the request.

在平面波与柱面波干涉形成全息透镜的设计中，为了获得最优的衍射效率，应当根据要求合理地选择记录所用柱面波和设计光栅的几何尺寸。

A transfer-matrix method is used to study cylindrical wave reflection at cylindrical media interfaces. We find that the reflection can be total at an interface of small radius but is only partial if the radius is large.

应用转移矩阵法研究柱面介质内表面处柱面波的反射，发现在小半径内表面上的反射为全反射，当半径较大时，它只是部分反射。

The paper expounds the principle and advantages of disinfection by UV-C radiation, introduces the relative technologies and products at home and abroad, designs elliptic and parabolic cylindroid lampshade of bank paper disinfection apparatus with \! equal path surface \ principle.

论述了紫外C辐照杀菌消毒原理、优点，介绍了国内外有关技术和产品状况，并以"等光程面"原理设计了纸币紫外C消毒器光源的抛物柱面灯罩和椭圆柱面灯罩。

Command: d Partition number (1-11): 6 Command: n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l First cylinder (5001-20886, default 5001): Using default value 5001 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (5001-7500, default 7500): Using default value 7500 Command: p Disk /dev/sda: 171.7 GB, 171798691840 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 1250 10040593+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 1251 20886 157726170 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1251 2500 10040593+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 7501 10000 20081218+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 10001 20886 87441763+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda8 2501 3000 4016218+ 83 Linux /dev/sda9 3001 3125 1004031 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda10 3126 5000 15060906 83 Linux /dev/sda11 5001 7500 20081218+ 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order Command: t Partition number (1-11): 11 Hex code: 7 Changed system type of partition 11 to 7 Command: p Disk /dev/sda: 171.7 GB, 171798691840 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 1250 10040593+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 1251 20886 157726170 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1251 2500 10040593+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda6 7501 10000 20081218+ c W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 10001 20886 87441763+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda8 2501 3000 4016218+ 83 Linux /dev/sda9 3001 3125 1004031 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda10 3126 5000 15060906 83 Linux /dev/sda11 5001 7500 20081218+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition table entries are not in disk order Command m for help

到这里，就已经将原先的windows的E盘（2501到5000柱面），那个/dev/sda6分成了三个区。现在如果保存分区操作后，再使用格式化工具创建文件系统后，原先的 2501到5000柱面上的数据将丢失。当然，我们不必担心，因为事先已经将文件复制到了其它的地方了。注意：现在有一个问题，看上面/dev/sda11 的尾柱面是 5000 ，而/dev/sda6的首柱面是5001 。一直到/dev/sda8 的首柱面都位于/dev/sda11的尾柱面之后。也就是说它们的物理位置在后面，但分区编号在前面。为改变这一状况，有一个简易的方法。就是先删紧靠 5000柱面之后的一个分区，然后立即按默认首柱面和尾柱面进行分配，在重建分区表的时候注意把分区的系统标识也改也原先的（因为 Linux的fdisk中默认的新建的分区系统标识为id为83。

As a preliminary theoretical exploration, a limited series of stream function was employed to study the characteristics of the reattachment boundary layer. The tentative analysis showed that the reattachment boundary layer of the circular cylinder, so long as it began at the effective reattachment region discussed above, would be developing to its reseparated point downstream the cross section of the cylinder, which essentially gave the new idea RCDR a theoretical cycle.

本文提出的&再附—减阻&机制可表述为：柱面上扰流元件后向锐缘处诱发的流动分离，既改变了柱面压强分布格局，又破坏了柱面附近的流动状态；若扰流元件锐缘后方流动在圆柱壁面上再附，形成再附边界层，再附边界层将沿流向发展，直至越过柱面最大迎流截面之后，才从圆柱面上分离，致使分离流的尾涡区变窄，绕流阻力降低。

For example, alkaline elements can affect diffusion velocity of Zr, Si and O ions although these alkaline elements cannot exist in crystal structure of zircon. However, K rich media and Na rich media exert different effects on the growth of crystal form: in the K rich media, growth speed of prism faces in the vertical direction is much higher than that of pyramid faces, and {111} growth speed in the vertical direction is higher than {311},which decides the formation of bipyramids dominated by {311} pyramids; in the Na rich media, both prism and pyramid grow to a certain extent, but the former is smaller than the latter.{100} growth speed in the vertical direction is lower than {110}, while {111} growth velocity in the vertical diredtion is lower than that of {311},resulting in the growth of the crystal form characterized by {100} short prism and {111} pyramid.

例如，尽管碱性元素并不进入锆石晶格，但它们可以影响Zr、Si、O离子的扩散速度，但是富钾和富钠的介质对锆石晶形发育的影响是有差别的，表现为：在富钾的介质中，将导致柱面的法向生长速度较锥面快得多，而锥面中，｛111｝的法向生长又较｛311｝快，由此决定了形成以｛311｝锥为主的双锥状晶体；在富钠的介质中，柱面和锥面都有一定程度的发育，但前者弱于后者，而柱面中，｛100｝的法向生长较｛110｝慢，由此决定了形成以｛100｝柱和｛111｝锥为主的短柱锥状晶体。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。