柱

Problems of single footing are classifying about results、determination of dimension of combinational column on combinational foundation、determination of bending moment on superface of combinational foundation and determination of partly press area when there is angel between column and foundation; the problems of strip foundation are determination of torsional moment on some section in checking torsion resist.

独立基础中的问题主要是基础计算结果的归并、双柱合并基础合柱尺寸的确定、双柱合并基础顶面弯矩的求法及柱相对基础有转角时局部受压计算底面积的确定；柱下条形基础的问题是抗扭验算中总扭矩不为0情况下截面扭矩的确定。

Vaterite,a very unstable polymorphism of calcium earbornate,whichrarely appears in nature,has been discovered for the first time by opticalmicroscopy.This paper describes the microscopic characteristics of vateritein lusterless freshwater pearl.

通过红外显微镜微区分析，指出海水珍珠棱柱层不仅仅是由方解石组成，首次提出有三种类型棱柱存在：1方解石棱柱；2文石棱柱；3文石和方解石共同组成的棱柱。

How to ensure this new structure to be in elastic state under frequent earthqu ake, be mendable under design earthquake and not collapse under infrequent earthquake, especially the last item, is the problem to be solved imminently in engineering field. Center around this problem, 5 aspects of investigation are carried out as following:(1) The experiment of seismic performance of ASCCs in this new frame structure has not been reported, in order to study this problem, 9 ASCC specimens with shear steel plate are tested subjected to the horizontal low cyclic loading, in which, the shear span ratio is 3 and axial compression ratio is different. The hysteretic curves of 9 specimens are obtained. The seismic performance indexes such as energy dissipation, stiffness degradation, strength degradation, skeleton curves and ductility of this kind of column are acquired, and the seismic fortification measures including ultimate values of axial compression ratio under different seismic degree are suggested.

1新型框架结构中所采用的角钢混凝土柱抗震性能的试验研究尚未见报道，针对这一问题，本文进行了9根剪跨比为3、不同轴压比、采用钢板箍的角钢混凝土柱在水平低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究，获得了9根试验柱的滞回曲线，考察了该类柱的耗能、刚度退化、抗力衰减、骨架曲线及延性等抗震性能指标，建议了角钢混凝土柱在不同抗震等级下的轴压比限值等抗震构造措施。

When the protruding part of the cam switch over, the role of force in the spring, the plunger downward movement, the upper plunger space have a vacuum, when the plunger on the end to put the plunger into the After the open hole, filled with oil in the upper body inside pump diesel pump oil through hole into the room, plunger movement to the next stop point, the end into the oil.

当凸轮的凸起部分转过去后，在弹簧力的作用下，柱塞向下运动，柱塞上部空间产生真空度，当柱塞上端面把柱塞套上的进油孔打开后，充满在油泵上体油道内的柴油经油孔进入泵油室，柱塞运动到下止点，进油结束。

This paper applies nonlinear finite element method to analyze the behaviors of connections under cyclic load at fist time. Contact elements are set between end plate and column flange, screw cap and neighborhood plane, bolt bar and hole. After verification of FEM, more than 50 species of 10 series are computed.

主要研究了端板尺寸，柱的轴压比，强柱系数，梁端剪力，柱翼缘和腹板尺寸、宽厚比，螺栓的级别、大小、数量、预拉力和排列方式，连接抗滑移系数，端板加劲肋以及柱腹板加劲肋，材性，梁柱截面尺寸效应等对连接滞回性能的影响。

The expression of one-dimensional mathematical model of vertical migration of ammonia in the CRI system is:The parameters in the CRI model are determined as following: the retardarce coefficient is determined by static isothermal absorption experiment, the velocity of sewage travel through the soil column is determined by permeability test, the vertical dispersion coefficient is determined by test the electric conductivity of tracer in the dispersion experiment, the rate of nitrification and denitrification is determined by test of Baps technology.

依据单一氨氮、硝氮配水条件下的试验结果，引入多孔介质的溶质运移理论及对流-弥散方程，考虑NH4+-N在CRI系统中的运移受到对流和水动力弥散作用的影响，并吸附-解吸、硝化与反硝化3个过程，首次将配水流经CRI土柱的孔隙水流速方程与CRI土柱内发生的、以氧为约束条件的硝化、反硝化过程联系起来，建立了CRI系统一维垂向氨氮运移转化数学模型，表达式为：研究分别通过静态等温吸附实验率定了模型方程中的阻滞系数、通过渗滤试验测定了土柱中的孔隙水流速、通过测定弥散试验中示踪剂的电导率确定了纵向弥散系数、通过气压过程分离技术测定了土柱中的总硝化与反硝化反应速率常数，最后通过测定土柱沿程氧化-还原电位的方法分析氨氮在CRI系统中的运移转化机理。

For example, alkaline elements can affect diffusion velocity of Zr, Si and O ions although these alkaline elements cannot exist in crystal structure of zircon. However, K rich media and Na rich media exert different effects on the growth of crystal form: in the K rich media, growth speed of prism faces in the vertical direction is much higher than that of pyramid faces, and {111} growth speed in the vertical direction is higher than {311},which decides the formation of bipyramids dominated by {311} pyramids; in the Na rich media, both prism and pyramid grow to a certain extent, but the former is smaller than the latter.{100} growth speed in the vertical direction is lower than {110}, while {111} growth velocity in the vertical diredtion is lower than that of {311},resulting in the growth of the crystal form characterized by {100} short prism and {111} pyramid.

例如，尽管碱性元素并不进入锆石晶格，但它们可以影响Zr、Si、O离子的扩散速度，但是富钾和富钠的介质对锆石晶形发育的影响是有差别的，表现为：在富钾的介质中，将导致柱面的法向生长速度较锥面快得多，而锥面中，｛111｝的法向生长又较｛311｝快，由此决定了形成以｛311｝锥为主的双锥状晶体；在富钠的介质中，柱面和锥面都有一定程度的发育，但前者弱于后者，而柱面中，｛100｝的法向生长较｛110｝慢，由此决定了形成以｛100｝柱和｛111｝锥为主的短柱锥状晶体。

The disc type counter current chromatographic separation column comprises at least a or a plurality of discs provided with designing slots, clapboards at two sides of each disc, the cylinder rotating axis, an upper flange and a lower flange; the cylinder rotating axis is hollow and passes through the center of the upper flange, the lower flange, the discs and the clapboards; the inner edge and the outer edge of the upper flange, the lower flange, the discs and the clapboards are provided with a plurality of bolt pieces that fix the upper flange, the lower flange, the discs and the clapboards together.

一种多功能高效逆流色谱仪，它由盘式逆流色谱分离柱、配重体、行星架、柱体自转轴、行星轮、中心轮、中心公转轴、电机、传动装置、速度控制装置和保温机箱组成；所述的盘式逆流色谱分离柱，它包括有至少一个或多个设槽的圆盘、每个圆盘两侧的隔板、柱体自转轴和上法兰、下法兰；所述的柱体自转轴为空心，贯穿在上法兰、下法兰、圆盘及隔板的中心；在上法兰、下法兰、圆盘及隔板的内外边缘设有多个螺栓部件，将上、下法兰、圆盘及隔板固定在一起。

The columns exhibited good separation ability for disubstituted benzene isomers, especially for xylenes and cresols. In addition, the three peralkylated-β-CD columns offer better selectivity than the (2,6-di-O-benzyl)-β-CD column.

同一根柱不同次进样和不同柱之间表现出良好的重复性，保留时间的相对标准偏差小于8.5%；对使用大约40次后的溶胶-凝胶柱重新进行测试，柱效下降不明显，说明该类色谱柱的稳定性良好。

In the multi-storey and tall building structures of reinforced concrete, the foundation of double or more columns usually needs to be designed into a whole because of being subjected to the influence of many factors such as the distance of column axes, the load of superstructure and the property of subsoils. This kind of double or more columns combined foundation is widely used in the engineering.

在钢筋混凝土多、高层建筑结构中，因受柱间距、上部结构荷载、地基土特性等多因素的影响，常常需要将双柱、甚至多柱的基础设计成一个整体，这种双柱或多柱的联合基础在工程中应用十分普遍。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。