柠檬烯

The results indicated that there were 9 kinds of monoterpenes and 3 kinds of sesquiterpenes were identified both in healthy and weak trees.The components included Thujene,α-Pinene,β-Phellandrene,β-Pinene,Camphene,3-Carene,Limonene, Terpinene,p-Mentha-1,4(8)-diene,Cedrene,Thujopsene andα-Caryophyllene.

结果表明，与健康侧柏相比，衰弱侧柏树干中没有检测到新的化学组分产生，同样是由苧烯、α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、萜品烯、p-薄荷-1，4(8)二烯共9种单萜和雪松烯、罗汉柏烯和石竹烯3种倍半萜烯组成。

Among them,--α-Pinene、--β-Pinene、--3-Carene are the three main compounds which account for above 96% of monoterpines, and a small amount of other monoterpines,-limonene, myrcene, camphene, phellandrene.

而对于经常构成蠹类害虫树体引诱剂组分的萜烯类成分在其中占居较高的比重，主要为3种成分--3-蒈烯，--α-蒎烯和--β-蒎烯，占萜烯类总量96％以上。另外还含有少量的柠檬烯、香叶烯、莰烯和萜品油烯等成份。

When the tree changes from health to weak, the main terpene compounds changed, such as the amount of 3-carene, isolimonene,β-pinene, 4-carene were significantly enhanced, and santolina triene,α-fenchene,β-myrcene,β-phellandrene were declined. It will provide a basis for Monochamus urussovi Fischer to select suitable parasitic Picea jezoensis.

鱼鳞云杉树势由健康向衰弱转变时，主要烯萜类化合物含量发生变化，3-蒈烯、异柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、4-蒈烯、α-蒎烯等含量显著上升，而神圣亚麻三烯、α-葑烯、β-月桂烯、β-水芹烯等含量下降，这些烯萜类化合物的变化，为云杉大黑天牛定位选择适宜寄生的鱼鳞云杉提供了依据。

In a climatically controlled chamber (28±1℃, L16:D8), E. splendens was planted in pots containing mixed vermiculite and perlite without Cu. At about 220 d after seeding, plants (around 65 cm in height) were used to collect their volatile using SPME. Eleven chemicals were identified using GC-MS, p-pinene, D-limonene, elsholtzia ketone, dehydro elsholtzia ketone,γ-elemene, humulene, caryophyllene, a-caryophyllene, and three sesquiterpenes. The most abundant volatiles were caryophyllene and y-elemene, followed by humulene and a-caryophyllene.

室内在不含Cu的蛭石和珍珠岩混合基质中种植海州香薷，用固相微萃取法收集健康植株(株龄220余天，株高65cm左右)的挥发物，采用GC-MS法识别出11种主要组分，从中鉴定出β-蒎烯，D-柠檬烯，香薷酮，脱氢香薷酮，γ-榄香烯，蛇麻烯，石竹烯，α-石竹烯(α-caryophyllene)，以及三种倍半萜类化合物，其中石竹烯和γ-榄香烯含量高，其次为蛇麻烯和α-石竹烯。

Populus alba × berolinensis, Salix babylonica and Quercus mongolica mainly emitted isoprene; Pinus tabulaeformis mainly emitted α-pinene; Ulmus pumila, Gleditsia japonica and Syringa oblate mainly emitted limonene; Ligustrum obtusifolium mainly emitted isoprene, limonene and α-pinene at different time. The highest emission rates were observed for Populus alba × berolinensis and Salix babylonica.

不同树种排放的BVOCs组成明显不同，银中杨、垂柳和蒙古栎以排放异戊二烯为主；油松主要释放α－蒎烯；榆树、皂角和丁香以释放柠檬烯为主；水腊在不同时段其BVOCs组成情况变化较大，主要释放异戊二烯、柠檬烯和α－蒎烯；其中银中杨和垂柳的BVOCs释放量明显高于其它树种。

Forbesii, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes account for 41.30% and 32.65%, respectively, in which (1R)-α-pinene (3.98%), sabinene (2.51%),(1S)-β-pinene (5.78%), m-cymene (4.05%), limonene (3.55%), 3, 7-dimethyl-1, 3, 7-octatriene (3.98%),γ-terpinene (8.70%), anisole (1.78%) and (1S)-endo-bornyl acetate (2.62%) as the monoterpenes and its derivatives, and-β-elemene (1.17%),α-bulnesene (1.40%),-β-bisabolene (1.21%),-elemol (1.42%), guaiol (1.14%), dehydroxyisocalamendiol (1.13%),-aristolene (1.99%), bulnesol (9.48%),γ-eudesmol (1.77%), guai-1(10)-en-11-ol (1.12%) and α-bisabolol (5.35 %) as the sesquiterpenes and its derivatives are the main components.

1R-α-蒎烯(3·98 %)、桧烯(2·51 %)、(1S)-β-蒎烯(5·78 %)、m-月桂烯(4·05 %)、柠檬烯(3·55 %)、3，7-二甲基-1，3，7-庚三烯(3·98 %)、γ-萜品烯(8·70 %)、茴香醚(1·78 %)和(1S)-桥环醋酸冰片酯(2·62 %)为单萜类化合物及其衍生物中的主要成分；-β-榄香烯(1·17 %)、异愈创木烯(1·40 %)、-β-没药烯(1·21 %)、-榄香醇(1·42 %)、愈创木醇(1·14 %)、去羟基异菖蒲二醇(1·13 %)、-土青木香烯(1·99 %)、异愈创木醇(9·48 %)、γ-桉醇(1·77 %)、愈创木-1(10)-烯-11-醇(1·12 %)和α-没药醇(5·35 %)为倍半萜类化合物及其衍生物中的主要成分。

D limonene was distributed among the culture flasks (200 mg/L). The flasks were incubated at 28oC on a rotary shaker (r/min=120) for 5 days. On completion, the culture broth were successively extracted with EtOAc. The extract was quantitatively measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, The results showed that biocatalytic reactions were comprised of oxidation, including hydroxylation and ketonization which occurred at different positions of the D limonene, as well as hydrogenation, hydrolyzation, esterification and cyclic cleavage. These bacteria strains possess the distinctive biocatalytic capacities towards the D limonene. A series of terpenoids, including sesqui , di and tri terpernoids were also observed,which was accounted for D limonene had influence on the metabolites of marine bacteria.

以2216E为培养基，添加200mg/L的柠檬烯，在28℃，以120 r/min摇瓶培养5 d，用乙酸乙酯提取培养液，经GC MS分析其转化产物，结果显示，这些细菌能在柠檬烯的不同位置进行羟基化、羰基化等，并伴随有还原、水解、酯化、开环等反应，但转化能力和转化程度不同；在产物中，还检测到系列结构不同的其它萜类：包括倍半萜、二萜以及三萜等，这些萜类化合物的产生跟柠檬烯的加入有关，说明柠檬烯能影响细菌代谢产物的产生。

Electroantennogram study showed that the female moths had stated response to main compositions of needle volatile of α-pinene,β-pinene, myrcene, limonene and β-phellandrene,β-phellandrene elicited the largest EAG response, and limonene was secondly.

松实小卷蛾雌蛾对思茅松针叶挥发性物质主要成分α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、柠檬烯、β-水芹烯都表现出一定的触角电位反应，以β-水芹烯引起的松实小卷蛾触角电位反应最大，其次是柠檬烯。

Conclusion］Taking into account the fact that there is more β-phellandrene and limonene in volatile of fresh needles than that of withered needles, the two compounds are speculated as the primary oviposition stimulants.

结论］β-水芹烯、柠檬烯在新鲜针叶挥发物中的含量远大于在枯萎针叶挥发物中的含量，β-水芹烯、柠檬烯可能是刺激松实小卷蛾雌蛾产卵的主要物质。

The EAG results showed that no significant difference between female and male S.bifasciatus.The EAG responses of S.bifasciatus to 3-Carene,Limonene,Terpinene and Thujopsene were increased with the concentration respecitively within the range of 1/1000-1/10.The results of "Y" tube olfactory bioassay showed the pests can be attracted by 1/100 Limonene,3-Carene and Thujopsene.Original and 1/10 Terpinene was the best. In addition,the extracts of A2 and D1 also caused positive attraction to S.bifasciatus,while the extracts by SE and SDE were non-attractive.

触角电位测定结果表明，双条杉天牛雌雄成虫对样品的EAG反应无显著差异。1/10浓度的3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、萜品烯和罗汉柏烯的EAG值最大。Y型嗅觉行为生测结果表明，1/100浓度的柠檬烯、3-蒈烯和罗汉柏烯对天牛有明显引诱效果，萜品烯则是原液和1/10浓度的引诱效果最好；α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯无明显引诱效果。4种提取方法中，改装简易蒸馏法样品(A2)和超临界CO_2萃取样品(D1)对天牛具有明显引诱作用；索氏提取物和并时蒸馏萃取物无引诱效果。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了