柔体

Both viscous damping and air drag force must be introduced into the dynamic models. The experiment is carried out in the single-axis air-bearing test bed according to the experiment scheme in chapter 3. The results demonstrate the validity of the developed model, while the conventional zero-order approximate approach could lead to bad results for some high speed cases.

结果表明了传统零次近似方法在某些条件下已不能正确描述柔性体的刚柔耦合动力学性质，而一次近似的刚柔耦合动力学模型得到的结果与实验相符，从而证实了一次近似耦合模型的正确性和可靠性。

Leaf sheaths loose, strongly compressed, keeled, basal sheaths imbricate; leaf blades broadly linear to lanceolate, flat or folded, 5–20 × 0.6–1.2 cm, glabrous or adaxial surface pilose, apex obtuse; ligule 0.3–0.5 mm. Racemes 2–5, digitate or subdigitate, 4–10 cm, only slightly diverging; rachis glabrous. Spikelets oblong-lanceolate, 2–2.7 mm, pilose or glabrous, apex acute; upper glume and lower lemma 2–4-veined, midvein absent, laterals marginal; upper lemma pale, oblong-elliptic, shorter than spikelet, obtuse with an apical tuft of hairs; stigmas pale.

叶鞘松散，强烈压扁，龙骨状，基部的鞘覆瓦状；叶片宽线形到披针形，平的或折叠， 5-20 * 0.6-1.2 厘米，无毛的或正面具柔毛，先端钝； 0.3-0.5毫米外消旋体2-5的叶舌，指状或者4-10厘米，subdigitate，只是稍微分歧；轴无毛长圆状披针形的小穗，2-2.7毫米，具柔毛或无毛，先端锐尖；上面颖片和更下部的外稃2-4－脉，中脉无，边缘；浅，长圆状椭圆形的上面外稃，短于小穗，钝具一顶端1束毛；柱头浅。

The rigid-flexible coupling dynamics of flexible multibody systems with free largeoverall motions is studied for the first time in chapter 6.The equations of the motion forthe flexible multibody system are obtained utilizing Jourdain's velocity variationalprinciple and forward recursive formulation.

第六章首次对大范围运动为自由的柔性多体系统的刚-柔耦合动力学问题进行研究，用Jourdain速度变分原理和单向递推组集建模方法建立了柔性多体系统的刚-柔耦合动力学方程。

This model is different from the structural dynamics model in a non-inertial reference frame with large overall motions known.

本文从力学基本原理出发，分析了刚柔耦合零次近似理论失效的原因，深入研究了有大范围运动的柔性体变形场的描述，建立了刚柔耦合一次近似的动力学模型；然后利用上述模型，从非惯性系下的结构动力学问题和大范围运动为自由的刚柔耦合动力学问题这两个层次上进行了刚柔耦合动力学建模理论与性态的研究，采用理论和实验相结合的手段来检验了一次近似刚柔耦合动力学模型的正确性。

The result demonstrates that this method can very efficiently model and simulate the problem of steering wheel shimmy .

将汽车前悬架多刚体动力学模型的仿真结果、柔体动力学模型的仿真结果与道路试验数据相比较，结果表明刚弹耦合建模的方法能更有效地研究转向轮摆振。

It will expose the design problem of maintainability of civil airplane to the early stage of design. This paper discusses the composing of the virtual maintenance environment, builds non-immersion virtual maintenance environment of undercarriage, and establishes a part library management system. The characteristic of maintainability models and maintainability analysis based on virtual technique is researched to give the maintainability frame model of civil airplane virtual maintainability analysis. All levels of maintenance time model and maintenance man-hour model are established. Analog-Huffman code is proposed to optimize space partition method in traditional collision detection arithmetic."Maintenance therblig"is brought into the broken down of maintenance tasks, and the new maintenance tasks broken down method is proposed. The demands of human measure, position, and equipment layout in human engineering are discussed, and the verification methods of human measure, position and equipment layout in virtual maintenance are given. Basic principle and verification procedure of maintainability virtual verification is developed primarily, and the reachablity, the visibility, and posture-comfortability are verified.

本文论述了虚拟维修环境的组成，构建了某型飞机主起落架非沉浸式虚拟维修环境，建立了维修对象的零件库管理系统；研究了基于虚拟技术的维修性模型特点及维修性分析流程，给出了基于虚拟技术的民机维修性分析框架模型，并结合传统维修性模型，建立了各级维修时间模型和维修工时模型；提出类HUFFMAN编码，结合人因工程的要求，优化了传统碰撞检测算法中的空间分割法，使之适用于柔体；在维修性分解中引入"维修动素"，给出了与CATIA、DELMIA等应用软件结合紧密的维修任务分解方法；论述了人因工程中对人体尺寸、姿势、设备布局的要求，给出了虚拟维修中人体尺寸、姿势分析、民机内设备布局的验证方法；初步制订了维修性虚拟验证的基本原则和验证程序，并结合具体实例对可达性、可视性、干涉性以及人体姿态舒适性进行了验证，较清晰、真实地反映了维修人员的维修状态。

Equipment used in calisthenic exercises and weightlifting.

用在柔体体操和举重中的装备。

The conclusion is that using well rigid dynamics and spring dynamic characteristic to study large structure dynamics problem is feasible and resultful under the condition of no well-rounded appropriate elastic dynamics theory.

得出的结论是：在柔体动力学理论尚未成熟完善的情况下，运用成熟的刚体动力学理论、弹簧力学特性等理论研究大型结构的动力学问题是可行而有效的方法。

Leaf sheaths glabrous or sparsely to densely pilose with tubercle-based hairs; leaf blades broadly linear, 5–20 × 0.5–1.5 cm, pubescent, rarely glabrescent, base rounded to subcordate, apex acute; ligule 1–2 mm. Racemes (2–)3–6 or more, mostly terminal, subdigitate, 2–9 cm; rachis internodes and pedicels broadly linear, triquetrous, ciliate on outer angle, shortly ciliate on inner angles.

叶鞘无毛或疏生在密被柔毛具基于小瘤毛；叶片宽线形， 5-20 * 0.5-1.5 厘米，短柔毛，很少脱落无毛，基部圆形到近心形，先端锐尖；叶舌外消旋体1-2毫米(2-)3-6或更多，主要末端，2-9厘米，subdigitate；轴节间和花梗宽线形，在外部角上三棱，纤毛，在内部角上不久纤毛。

Understanding of performance concepts such as overdraws and batch sizes, and how they pertain to particle effects.

熟知3dmax和maya的粒子系统，场，表达式，脚本，柔体，刚体以及布料动力学。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。