染色质组型

Under the electronic microscope,lamellar body and cellular organs such as bioblast in endochylema of the four treatment groups were more obvious compared with the control group.

透射电镜观察，地塞米松治疗组Ⅱ型肺泡上皮内多见板层小体且染色深？致密；胞质内线粒体等细胞器多见，而生理盐水组内难见板层小体？

Under the electronic microscope, lamellar body and cellular organs such as bioblast in endochylema of the two treatment groups were more common compared with the control group. And lamellar body in the two treatment groups was more anachromasis and condensed compared with the control group.

透射电镜观察，沐舒坦治疗组、地塞米松治疗组Ⅱ型肺泡上皮内多见板层小体且染色深、致密，胞质内线粒体等细胞器多见，而对照组内难见板层小体、少见细胞器。

The origin of such large amounts of constitutive heterochromatin and their role in karyotype evolution and speciation remain a mystery.

如此大量的结构异染色质的来源及其在染色体组型进化和物种形成中的任务仍是一个谜。

The spiny eel , belonging to Perciformes, Osteichthyes, is a kind of little freshwater fish distributed in Southern China. In 1998, Our lab detected XX/XY differentiated sex chromosomes in this specie with karyotypic analysis, and then with chromosomal binding and SC observation, we identified that its two largest metacentric chromosomes were X, Y sex chromosomes in 1999. X, Y chromosomes differ each other not only in the distribution of heterochromatin but also in their shapes, which make them could be recognized directly under the light-microscope without any banding treatment.

刺鳅，属鲈形目、刺鳅科(Perciformes，Mastacembelidae)，是广泛分布于中国南方的小型淡水鱼类。1998年，我室通过核型分析，首次发现该物种具有明显分化的异形性染色体，其性别决定类型为XX／XY型。1999年，本室通过染色体显带、精母细胞联会复合体观察，再次确认刺鳅染色体组中最大的一对中部着丝粒染色体为X、Y性染色体，两者不仅已经出现结构异染色质分布上的不同，同时在外部形态上也存在明显差异，识别特征鲜明，在光镜观察下无需显带即能清晰辨认性染色体。

The authors proposed that heterochromatin change in genome might play an important role in balancing the germplasms between maize and its distant relatve after cross and parthenocarpy.

这种变异不仅存在于表型不稳定的早代孤雌系中，而且还存在于表型稳定的高代系中，造成这种变异的原因可能是因为远缘种质的引入影响到遗传平衡进而引起染色体发生结构重排并引起染色质的变化，这种变化与玉米染色体组中非同源染色体间存在的同源片段和因此造成的减数分裂过程中非同源染色体配对有着直接的关系。

Results Among the three groups,the children's rib cartilage had the most blood vessels,the most chondrocytes,well-distributed stain of matrixes,and the type Ⅱ collagen was expressed actively and highest in photedensity.The rib cartilage of teenager group had less blood vessels,unhomogeny distributed stain of matrixes,the enlarged and separated cartilage lacunas.The rib cartilage in adult group showed the least blood vessels,the least chondrocytes.the hyalinization of perichondium,the most deposition of calcium salt,and the type II collagen was expressed at the lowest level in photodensity.

结果 儿童组肋软骨膜血管最丰富，软骨基质染色均匀，软骨细胞数目最多，Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达最活跃，平均积分光密度值最高；青少年组软骨膜内血管减少，软骨基质染色出现明显的不均质状，软骨陷窝体积变大，并呈分隔状，陷窝内软骨细胞数目减少，II型胶原蛋白表达较儿童组减弱；成人组软骨膜血管、细胞成分明显减少，软骨膜内的纤维成分明显玻璃样变，钙盐沉积较青少年组时明显增多，Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达较青少年组减弱。

Primary cultured chondrocytes are poly-angle, cytoplasm-rich, and their nuclei are either round or oval with clear necleole. Metachromatic and alcian blue positive staining in primary cultured chondrocytes was observed. Intercellular matrix was anti-collagen type Ⅱ staining but not anti-collagen type Ⅰ staining by IHC assay.

原代培养软骨细胞呈多角型，胞质丰富，胞核成圆形或椭圆型，核仁清楚，甲苯胺蓝呈异染性，阿尔新蓝8Gx 染色阳性，细胞外基质Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性，Ⅰ型胶原染色阴性。

Electron-microscopic observation: In stroke-prone spontaneous hypertension group, electron density was found increased in necrotic neurons; moreover, some nuclear membrane lost double-layer structure with ridges broken, even reduced or disappeared, displaying vacuolated changes. In losartan 30 mg/ group and losartan 10 mg/ group, most of neurons displayed basically normal morphology, with neuron chromatin evenly distributed and nuclear envelops regular, but there were still some neurons that had dense chromatin, with ridges broken and reduced.

3组大鼠脑组织电镜观察：易感型自发性高血压组大鼠坏死神经元电子密度增高，有的核膜失去双层结构，嵴断裂、减少甚至消失，呈空泡样改变；氯沙坦30mg/组和氯沙坦10 mg/组大多数神经元染色质分布均匀，核膜规整，细胞形态基本正常；少数神经元核染色质较致密，部分嵴断裂、减少。

In summary, the BRD7 gene acted as a candidate of tumor suppressor gene with NPC. The overexpression of BRD7 can partly reverse malignant phenotype of NPC cell line. The suppression effect of BRD7 on NPC tumorigenesis my be achieved by recognizing acetylated histone peptide through their motif-bromodomain, then modulating gene transcription by taking part in histone acetylating and chromosome remodeling, finally influencing signal-transduction pathways.

综上所述，BRD7基因作为一个重要的鼻咽癌抑瘤基因侯选者，在鼻咽癌细胞中的过表达后，可导致鼻咽癌细胞 HNE蛋白质表达谱发生改变，逆转其恶性表型，其作用机理可能是：BRD7基因通过其功能域彭聪硕士学位论文10Bromodomain与乙酚化的组蛋白特异性结合，参于染色体的乙酚化，染色质的组装，从而影响基因转录的调控，最终影响细胞内的信号传导通路并实现对细胞周期的调控，从而发挥抑制鼻咽癌细胞生长的作用。

Studies on many aspects show that there are four main reasons which cause the epigenetic effects;the methylation of DNA,the acetylation of histones,the change of chromatin structure and the alteration of protein configuration.

多方面的研究表明，导致后生效应的可能原因主要有四个方面：DNA的甲基化、组蛋白的乙酰化、染色质结构背景的改变和蛋白质构型的变化。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。