染色质的

To extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma, the rate of excision is low and the sensitivity to chemotherapy and actinotherapy is poor.

我们的研究表明，胆道癌表遗传的改变能够通过对染色质基因转录的调节来影响癌细胞的增殖进程，而表遗传的改变与蛋白信号的传导密切相关。

The recognition mechanisms of GGR and TCR to UVB-induced photodamages were summarized: Xeroderma Pigmentosum group C, the recognition factor in GGR, executed its function avoiding direct contacting with lesions; the conversion between monomer and dimer of Cockayne syndrome B protein was underlined in the recognition of TCR; ubiquitylation mediated by DNA damage binding protein played an important role in NER recognization at chromatin level; moreover, the fate of the recognition factors was also discussed.

识别因子XPC通过一种不直接识别损伤本身的机制在GGR识别过程中发挥作用；在TCR识别过程中强调了关键因子CSB单体及二聚体两种形式的转换。在染色质水平上，DDB介导的泛素化作用是NER识别过程中重要的调控要素。另外，完成使命的识别因子的最终走向也是NER途径中的一个重要环节。通过分析上述生化过程，较清楚地总结了GGR及TCR对UVB导致的光损伤的识别机制。

Results:Whith the time and doses of ART incubation extended, ART significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and the inhibited effect shows dose-and -time-dependent. Obvious changes of apoptotic morphology were observed by invert microscope, fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, they showed that cells had marked nuclear condensation or the fragmentation of chromation as well as apoptotic , mitochondrial edema and vesicle , with the time of incubation extended , the proliferation rate become slow and the volume became small and transformed. FCM assay indicated that most of the cells were arrested in Go/Gi and the apoptotic peak appeared. During the prolong of incubation time, the apoptosis rate was increased. At the same time, the number of S and G2/M phase cells were decreased. The result of TUNEL indicant that there are apoptosis and necrosis.

结果：随着药物浓度的增加和作用时间的延长，蒿甲醚对胃癌SGC-7901细胞的抑制作用呈时间和浓度依赖关系：在倒置显微镜、荧光显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜下可观察到典型的凋亡细胞的形态改变，表现为：核固缩或染色质边聚或凝聚成大块状，可见凋亡小体，线粒体肿胀增殖，严重的空泡化，随作用时间的延长，细胞增殖速度减慢，细胞体积缩小变形；流式细胞术显示胃癌SGC-7901细胞出现明显的凋亡峰，随着作用时间的延长，其凋亡率逐渐升高，细胞周期阻滞在G_0/G_1期，S及G_2/M期细胞数大量减少；流式细胞术TUNEL检测结果显示细胞凋亡和坏死同时存在。

NGF had obvious cytotoxicity on these cell lines ,which shows to be dose-dependent, especially for MGC-803 and BEL-7404 ,their IC_(50) value at the 24~ hours are 49.9mg/L and 55.46mg/L ; Main features of apoptosis under fluorescent microscope include reduction in volume,nuclear chromatin condensation, intensification under jacinth fluorescence; The early apoptosis rate of pristine cells which detected by FCM increases with NGF dose increasing.

2NGF对4种人肿瘤细胞均有细胞毒性作用，且呈剂量依赖关系，尤其是对MGC-803和BEL-7404的抑制作用更强，作用24h的IC50值分别为49.9mg/L和55.46mg/L，荧光显微镜下可观察到MGC-803凋亡细胞的主要特点为：细胞体积缩小，染色质固缩，橘红色荧光增强；流式细胞仪检测到MGC-803细胞的早期凋亡率随NGF浓度的增高而增加，各浓度组与对照组的早期细胞凋亡率比较有明显差异(P＜0.01)。

They are often morphologically distinct from A chromosomes, being smallerand more highly heterochromatic in most cases. B chromosomes do not pair with Achromosomes, and they are inherited in a non-Mendelian way, exhibiting meiotic andmitotic instability and nondisjunction. However, B chromosome DNA is quiteidentical to the corresponding sequence on the A chromosome complement. So far afew B chromosome specific DNA sequence have been identified. Specific DNAsequences on B chromosome have been the attractive research area on Bchromosomes.

现已在千余种植物和近三百种动物中被发现。B染色体与物种中正常染色体不同：独立于整倍体基因组之外，减数分裂时不与A染色体发生联会和配对，细胞分裂后期不分离，非孟德尔遗传，富含异染色质，不含对宿主主要性状有影响的基因等。B染色体DNA的分子组成既与A染色体极为相似，具有A染色体DNA分子组成的一般特征：富含重复序列和转座成分，染色体三大功能组件DNA高度同源；又与之相区别，含有B染色体特异的DNA序列，这些DNA序列可以为探讨B染色体的起源和进化提供有价值的信息。

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence assay revealed that the DNA sequences associated with the heterochromatic knobs are highly divergent and heavily methylated compared with the sequences in the corresponding X chromosomal domains.

而通过NDA的分子原位杂交，专家在番木瓜的雄性区域发现了该区域有4个特异的异染色质疖，免疫荧光分析则揭示出这个区域与X染色体的相应区域发生了较大的分化，具有高度的甲基化。

Recent work in Arabidopsis demonstrates the molecular basis of this memory of winter: vernalization causes changes in the chromatin strcture of a flowering repressor gene, FLOWERING LOCUS, that switch this gene into a repressed state that is mitotically stable.

最近对拟南芥的研究显示了植物记忆冬季的分子基础：促进成熟促使一个开花抑制基因（FLOWERING LOCUS C，FLC）的染色质结构的改变，这种改变使这个基因从抑制状态转为有丝分裂稳定。

Here, similarities between archaebacteria and eukarykaryotic otic cells in many aspacts including DNA duplication, transcription, translation and histones, chromatin, proteasome were introduced. Finally, the evolutionary position of archaebacteria and their significance to onery gin of the eukaryotic cells were discussed.

结合国际上对原细菌，尤其是它与真核细胞在许多方面（包括DNA复制、转录和翻译整个中心法则，组蛋白、染色质及蛋白酶复合体等）密切的亲缘关系的研究结果，对原细菌的进化地位及其对揭示真核细胞的起源进化问题的意义进行了探讨。

Previous studies show that p33ING1b is involved in growth inhibition, apoptosis, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, tumor suppression and cellular senescence, but its biochemical function and involvement in cellular senescence is still not fully uncharacterized.

p33ING1b是一个较晚发现的肿瘤抑制基因 ING1的主要表达形式，自从被成功克隆以后得到了广泛的研究，已有的研究表明，p33ING1b参与了细胞的生长抑制、凋亡、染色质重塑、DNA损伤修复、肿瘤抑制和细胞衰老等。

Studies on many aspects show that there are four main reasons which cause the epigenetic effects;the methylation of DNA,the acetylation of histones,the change of chromatin structure and the alteration of protein configuration.

多方面的研究表明，导致后生效应的可能原因主要有四个方面：DNA的甲基化、组蛋白的乙酰化、染色质结构背景的改变和蛋白质构型的变化。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。