染色质

The nucleus was degenerated dissimilarly in two ways: 1 the nuclear membrane was degenerated earlier,and karyoplasm joined with P-protein was dispersed;2 the chromatin was agglomerated earlier.Subsequently,the karyotin was almost degenerated,but the nuclear membrane still kept two layers structure clearly.

细胞核的降解存在两种截然不同的方式：①核膜早期降解，核质呈弥散状，这种弥散状的核质与由P-蛋白质构成的电子致密物相连；②染色质早期凝聚，后期核物质几乎完全降解，但核膜依然非常清晰。

Results: electronic microscope showed that in prednisone group heterochromatin increased in some cells, entoblast was not obvious in some cells, fat drops were small and few, mitochondria vacuole were common, and myelin figure was found in smooth endoplamic reticulum. the ultrastructure in yc group was almost normal and megamitochondrion formation was common. a large amount of fat drops were found in cytoplasm in gw group and little improvement was found compared with that in prednisone group.

结果： 电镜结果显示：激素组个别细胞异染色质增多，核仁不明显，脂滴显著变小变少，线粒体空泡化常见，有滑面内质网髓鞘样结构形成；养阴组电镜结构基本正常，其特征是细胞内有较多的巨大线粒体形成；桂附组较激素组改善不明显，其特征是胞质内可见大量脂滴。

Under transmission electron microscope, cellular swelling in brain tissue, nuclear membrane of neuron has incisures, some chromatic agglutination, group A mainly appears endoplasmic reticulum distention and glial cell endocytosis, while group B mainly appears histolysis; cardiac fibrous structure is chaotic, Z line concentrates, mitochondria swelling, nucleus deform; the ecphyma of podocyte becomes thinner and longer like villus, some mix together, plasma membrane infolding of renal cells decreases, mitochondria malformation, cells in lumens.

透射电镜观察显示，试验组动物脑组织细胞肿胀，神经元核膜出现切迹，部分染色质凝集，A组动物出现内质网扩张及胶质细胞吞噬现象，B组动物以组织溶解为主；心肌纤维结构紊乱，Z线聚集，收缩带形成，线粒体肿胀，核变形；肾小球足突细长，绒毛化，并可见足突融合，肾小管上皮细胞质膜内褶减少，线粒体畸形，管腔可见脱落细胞，上述改变均以B组为著。

Results (1)ATP could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells with inhibition rate over 43% after 48hour ATP treatment;(2)ATP treated U937 cells numbers increased obviously in G1 phase,and apoptosis peak appeared before G1 phase,apoptotic cell number was 3.4% for 24hour,and was 22.7% for 48hour of ATP treated U937 cells;(3) Nuclear chromatin condensed into sperical masses bound cytoplasma membrane formed apoptotic bodies which is shed from membrane surface into intercellular medium;(4) Apoptotic bodies were nigrosine staining negtive.

结果 (1)ATP对U937细胞的增殖有按摩明显的阻抑作用，加药48h后增殖的抑制率可达43%以上；(2)ATP处理的U937细胞周期发生改变，G1期细胞数按摩明显增多，ATP作用24h时G1期前出现亚二倍体峰——凋亡峰，凋亡细胞数为3.4%，作用48h时凋亡细胞数增多为22.7%；(3)ATP处理的U937细胞首先在核内染色质浓缩成半月形贴近核膜，逐渐向核膜外移动，进入胞浆内再移向质膜内外面，紧贴质膜外面再逐步脱离细胞体，进入细胞基质中，成为游离的凋亡小体。

Methods Cell culture,flow cytometry,HE staining,Nigrosine staining and electron microscopy were used. Results (1)ATP could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells with inhibition rate over 43% after 48hour ATP treatment;(2)ATP treated U937 cells numbers increased obviously in G1 phase,and apoptosis peak appeared before G1 phase,apoptotic cell number was 3.4% for 24hour,and was 22.7% for 48hour of ATP treated U937 cells;(3) Nuclear chromatin condensed into sperical masses bound cytoplasma membrane formed apoptotic bodies which is shed from membrane surface into intercellular medium;(4) Apoptotic bodies were nigrosine staining negtive.

结果 (1)ATP对U937细胞的增殖有明显的阻抑作用，加药48h后增殖的抑制率可达43%以上；(2)ATP处理的U937细胞周期发生改变，G1期细胞数明显增多，ATP作用24h时G1期前出现亚二倍体峰——凋亡峰，凋亡细胞数为3.4%，作用48h时凋亡细胞数增多为22.7%；(3)ATP处理的U937细胞首先在核内染色质浓缩成半月形贴近核膜，逐渐向核膜外移动，进入胞浆内再移向质膜内外面，紧贴质膜外面再逐步脱离细胞体，进入细胞基质中，成为游离的凋亡小体。

Observation on the ultrastructure of the radicle cell of cabbage seeds indicated that the ultrastructure changed with the seed vigor reduced, such as the segregation of cytoplasm from the cell wall, the fragmentation of cell membrane, the vesiculation of protoplasm, the homogenization of chromation, the disintegration of cytoplasm, the distinguishing of nuclear membrane and nucleous ,and so on.

胚根细胞亚显微结构电镜观察结果，甘蓝种子通过人工老化活力降低后，胚根超微结构发生了变化，主要表现为：质壁分裂，细胞膜内陷或局部断裂，细胞质空泡化，细胞器难以辨认，染色质均质化，核仁和核膜的界限模糊等现象。

The results indicated that the erythropoietic/granulopoietic ratio was markedly increased with megaloblastic morphology in all stage of erythrocyte.

结果表明：2例CDAⅠ型患者骨髓幼红细胞比例增加，各阶段细胞存在不同程度巨幼样变；原红细胞核不规则，早幼或中幼红细胞可见奶酪核，约半数晚幼红细胞有核溶解和破碎现象，晚幼红细胞核损伤有时伴胞质溶解，细胞间染色质桥少见；各阶段红细胞核膜和内质网同时出现不同程度溶解。

Fig.1 SHEE cultured on coverslide, the living cells were growing in single layer with rich cytoplasm, the nuclei were uniform in size with a nucleolus ph ×400 Fig.2 SHEE had a nucleus with ellipse shape, large nucleolus and the cytoplasm contained mitochondria and tonofibrilEM ×10 000 Fig.3 SHEE was spherical in shape, with pseudopods attached on petri dish and abundant villi on cell surface SEM ×5 000 Fig.4 Same as in Fig.3, cell attached on petri dish, appeared stellate or polygonal in shape, with abundant pseudopods and cytoplasmic processes. Protrusive nuclear region in central part of the cell had more micro-villi SEM ×5 000 Fig.5 Chromosomes of SHEE cells belonged to diploidy type Giemsa ×1 000 Fig.6 The SHEE cells of stained in dark brown by Ki67 immunohistochemistry were the proliferative cells Immunohistochemistry ×400 Fig.7 In SHEE cell culture, the nucleus stained red or pink by PI was dead cell, the green nucleus was living cell Fluorescent ×400 Fig.8 The cell labeled by TdT was apoptotic cell in which the chromatin of nucleus condensed in block, a pyknotic nucleus in the upper right conner was seen TdT labeled ×400

图1 SHEE培养在盖坡片上，活细胞单层生长，胞浆较丰富，细胞核大小一致，有核仁×400 图2 SHEE培养细胞细胞核椭圆形，核仁较大，胞浆有较丰富的线粒体和张力原纤维EM ×10 000 图3 SHEE细胞呈球状，有伪足贴壁，表面有密集微绒毛SEM ×5 000 图4 同上细胞贴壁，呈星状或多角形，有丰富伪足和胞浆突，核区隆起有较多微绒毛SEM ×5 000 图5 SHEE细胞染色体仍属二倍体Giemsa染色×1 000 图6 SHEE细胞Ki67免疫组织化学染棕黄色为增殖细胞×400 图7 SHEE培养细胞出现死细胞，胞核和胞浆PI染色呈红色或淡红色，蓝色细胞核为活细胞荧光显微镜×400 图8 细胞TdT标记阳性为凋亡细胞，染色质凝集呈块状，右上角有一固缩细胞核TdT标记×400

As exposed to optics microscope and inverted microscope,compared to control,SW480 cells with Giemsa staining that treated with the H2RA(cimetidine、nizatidine) took on malignance declining as crimpled firstly,cellular bulk and heteromorphism dimimished,the amount of rounded cell manifolded,nucleolus bulk lessened,dyeing thin,the amount of nucleolus decreased,partial cell organs manifest side-gathering phenomenon on chromatin,and the link between SW480 cell is loosened , subsequently partial rounded cell is floated.When the H2RA(cimetidine 40μM、nizatidine 20μM) against SW480 cells after 3 day,SW480 cells change roundly,nucleolus smashed,shrinking nucleolus came into being,and part of those not adhibited cell wall.

在光镜和倒置相差显微镜下，与对照组相比，经姬姆萨染色观察，西咪替丁、尼扎替丁处理的SW480细胞，先发生皱缩，体积变小，异形性减少，细胞变圆数目增多，细胞核变小，染色变淡，核仁数量减少，部分可见染色质边集现象；细胞间连接疏松，随后部分变圆细胞浮起。40μM西咪替丁及20μM尼扎替丁连续处理3天后，SW480细胞全部变圆，细胞核碎裂，固缩微核形成，部分不再贴壁。

Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the distinct ultrastructure of fibroblast and the group, spot gold particle specificity distribution shape. The positive markers of CTGF were mainly located in the RER,while there are expression in RER ribosome, Cf, ECM, desmosome connection, euchromatin,et al.

免疫电镜标记显示成纤维细胞细胞超微结构清晰，金颗粒呈团状、点灶状分布，特异性强，CTGF蛋白阳性标记主要位于粗面内质网，粗面内质网核糖体、胶原纤维、细胞外基质、桥粒连接、常染色质等部位也有表达。

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Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。