染色质

This result suggests that cytomixis occurred at synizesis stage may produce some kind of stress which results in activation of retrotransposon to insert into a new locus, or/and breakage rearrangement at the site of retrotransposon in genomic DNA, that both can be detected by fingerprinning.

分析认为在兰州百合减数分裂前期Ⅰ的凝线期时，由于染色质的胞间运动造成对基因组DNA的胁迫，导致了逆转座子del的激活，所插入的位点序列即为所检测到的特异片段；或者是由于染色质的胞间运动造成染色体的断裂重排。

SAGA is a multifunctional ATP=independent chromatin remodeling complex which is composed of at least 20 proteins. It can acetylate N=terminal lysines of nucleosomal histone H3 and H2B to loose chromatin structure and promote transcription initiation.

SAGA是一个至少由20个蛋白组成的不依赖ATP的多功能染色质重塑复合物，它通过对组蛋白H3和H2B氨基末端赖氨酸乙酰化修饰来松动染色质结构，从而促进基因转录的起始。

The cancer cells are in different differentiation periods: the chromatin of the young cancer cell's nucleus is rich in color and its cytoplasm is basophilous. The young cancer cells don't form into typical glandular cavity; The mature cancer cell is columnar or cubical and its nucleus is located at the base of the cell in gland tube-like arrangement; The decrepit cancer cell stain thin while its nucleus stain dense. The severer's nucleus disintegrate into small fragments. The decrepit cancer cell's arrangement is disorganized, only keeping its glandular shape.

显微镜下癌细胞呈现不同的分化程度：幼稚型癌细胞胞核染色质丰富，胞质嗜碱性，不形成典型腺腔；成熟型癌细胞呈柱状或立方状，细胞核位于细胞基部，呈腺管样排列；衰老型癌细胞胞桨染色变淡，胞核浓染，严重者胞核碎裂成细小碎片，衰老型癌细胞排列紊乱，仅保留腺体样结构轮廓。

The type of cell death caused by ricin was related to the ricin concentration and time of incubation with HeLa cells. The typical apoptosis was induced by ricin 0.05μmol〓. The apoptotic cells mainly showed cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic membrane blebbing, the chromatin condensation and fragmentation, crescentic nuclear and membrane bound apoptotic bodies formation.

细胞死亡方式也与蓖麻毒素作用时间和浓度相关，0.05μmol.L〓的蓖麻毒素可引起HeLa细胞发生典型的细胞凋亡，主要特征是细胞体积缩小，胞浆起泡，细胞核染色质浓缩、凝集，新月状核和膜包裹核染色质的凋亡小体形成。

It represents 99.4% of the euchromatic DNA and includes one megabase of heterochromatic sequence within the pericentromeric region of the short and long arm of the chromosome.

其中99.4％是常染色质，在着丝粒周围短臂和长臂区域还有1Mb的异染色质序列。

Moreover, all the signals on X and Y only located in the heterochromatic regions, showing the same distribution with those of C-band.

所有X染色体上的信号是一致的，而X、Y染色体上的信号分布则彼此不同。X、Y染色体上的杂交信号区域均集中于异染色质区，信号分布模式同X、Y上异染色质分布模式完全吻合。

Because more than 75. 4% regions were occupied by heterochromatin on the sex chromosomes of spiny eel, its X library should be a good tool to isolate the heterochromatic highly repetitive sequences DNA and study its origin and evolution.

在刺鳅的性染色体上，75.4％以上的长度都是异染色质区域，因此，刺鳅X染色体文库也为分离获得鱼类性染色体上异染色质重复序列，探讨其起源和进化规律提供了良好的实验材料。

Silenced chromatin, largely heterochromatic,contains a number of restrictive histone modifications, such as meH3K9, meH3K27, meH4K20,and histone deacetylation, which allow for a higher-order packing and inaccessibility to transcription factors.

沉默的染色质，大部分的是异染色质，包含大量的限制性的组蛋白修饰因子，例如meH3K9， meH3K27， meH4K20和组蛋白的脱乙酰作用，这些因子需要高度包装和不易转录因子。

Results In one-month-course group,metachromatin of pericytes and endothelial-cell nucleus got together and were kept to sides,and membrane disks of rod cells were obscure with space slightly enlarged.

结果病程 1 月组，周细胞和内皮细胞核异染色质边集，视杆细胞膜盘模糊不清，间隙略有扩大；病程 3 月组，上述改变加重，毛细血管扩张、基底膜增厚，视杆细胞核固缩、异染色质浓集；病程 6 月组，上述改变更加严重，但毛细血管由扩张转为狭窄、变形，甚至闭塞。

The signals look like noncontinuous beads on the DNA fiber,which consist of multi-copy and arrange tandemly.Fiber-FISH results with 45S rDNA probe showed that an average signal length is about 3～11μm in many tandem copy sequence(measure number,n=8),so we estimated the size of each copy to be approximately 11～30kb in cotton genome.There are dual signals on each end of the mitosis metaphase chromosomes and pachytene chromosomes hybridized with telomere DNA probe.The signals also look like non-continuous beads on the DNA fiber,the length is about 1～9μm,so we estimated the size is about 4～27kb.The signals almost covered the whole mitosis metaphase chromosomes and pachytene chromosomes of G.arboretum Shixiya 1 hybridized with gDNA probe,the euchromatin zone and heterochromatin zone were identified clearly on pachytene chromosomes,and the signals also look like non-continuous beads.Two BAC clones 150-D-24 and 182-F-9 in DNA BAC library of Pima90 were selected as probe to hybridize with mitosis metaphase chromosomes,pachytene chromosomes and DNA fiber of G.raimondii.

棉花FISH技术系统的应用研究。45S rDNA在亚洲棉石系亚1号中期和粗线期染色体上有两对大的信号，在DNA纤维上信号为非连续的念珠状，多个拷贝串联排列，每个拷贝长度大约在3～11μm，推测每个拷贝的实际长度为11～30kb；端粒序列在亚洲棉石系亚1号中期和粗线期染色体端部都有双点信号，在DNA纤维上信号也为非连续的念珠状，不同染色体上信号长度大约在1～9μm不等，推测实际长度为4～27kb；gDNA信号几乎布满整个亚洲棉石系亚1号中期和粗线期染色体，在粗线期染色体上能明显区分出常染色质区和异染色质区，DNA纤维上的信号均为非连续的念珠状。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。