染色质

The results indicated that there was a evident correlationship between chromocenter diameter,heterochromatin number and plant ploidy level.The chromocenter diameter and heterochromatin number of haploid and double haploid are 5.1,5.0 μm and 13.3,11.9 μm respectively.

研究发现，黄瓜染色中心直径和异染色质数目与植株倍性呈正相关，可作为黄瓜倍性鉴定的间接指标，其中单倍体染色中心直径平均为5 1μm，双单倍体为13 3μm，单倍体异染色质数目平均5 0，双单倍体为11 9。

The results also indicated that there was a evident correlationship between chromocenter diameter, heterochromatin number and the plant ploidy level. The chromocenter diameter and heterochromatin number of haploid and double haploid are 5.1um, 5.2 and 13.3um, 10.7, respectively.2. Ploidy Determination in CucumberCucwm/5 sativus L.

同时研究中还发现，黄瓜染色中心直径和异染色质数目与植株倍性呈正相关，可作为黄瓜倍性鉴定的间接指标，其中单倍体染色中心直径平均为5.1um、双单倍体为13.3um，单倍体异染色质数目平均为5.2，双单倍体为10.7。

In the normal group, electron microscopy showed normal chondrocytes were oval, and cells and cell membrane were intact. In cytoplasm, there were abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosome, and mitochondria with intact nucleus, and even chromatin. In the model group, chondrocytes exhibited obvious pyknosis and their shape was irregular. The areolae around cells disappeared; cell organs in cytoplasm coagulated to flaps which showed electron dense and was uneasy to observe; the shape of nucleus showed irregularity, and caryotin gathered densely.

电镜下正常对照组软骨细胞呈椭圆形，细胞及胞膜完整，包质内可见丰富的粗面内质网、高尔基体、线粒体，细胞核完整，染色质分布均匀；模型对照组软骨细胞明显固缩且外形不规则，细胞周晕消失，胞浆内细胞器凝成高电子密度的片状物不易分辨，细胞核不规则，染色质浓聚，散裂于核中。

It is classified as euchromatin or heterochromatin on the basis of its staining properties, the latter staining much more intensely with basic stains because it is more coiled and compact.

可以按照染色的性能分为常染色质和异染色质。

One of the serially aligned beadlike granules of concentrated chromatin that constitutes a chromosome during the early phases of cell division .

染色粒在细胞分裂早期，一条顺序排列的珠状染色质颗粒链构成了染色体染色质DNA在细胞分裂之前必须复制。

We observed changes of GV chromatin configurations in porcine, caprine and bovine oocytes from follicles of different sizes and degrees of atresia and during maturation in vivo and in vitro, using a new method for preparation of GV samples.

本项目发明了一种特殊的卵母细胞生发泡标本制备技术，能克服脂肪滴等对生发泡染色质构型观察的阻碍；经Hoechst或CMA3染色后可清楚地观察染色质构型的变化。

Results HE staining showed that sulindac could inhibit the growth of tumor cells, with the morphological presentations as apoptosis and necrosis including pyknosis, karyorrhexis and chromatin crescent formation, etc. By electron microscopy, cells also had apoptotic characteristics including chromatin crescent formation and apoptotic body. Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot assay results showed that 48 hours after sulindac administration, the expression of NF-κB, bcl-2 and bax gradually decreased, while the level of bax protein gradually increased, in a dose dependence manner.

结果 苏木精－伊红染色检测结果显示舒林酸抑制肿瘤细胞生长，肿瘤细胞出现核固缩、核碎裂、染色质边集等凋亡及坏死的形态学表现；电镜下可看到染色质边集、凋亡小体；免疫组化、Western-blot结果显示舒林酸作用48 h后人胃癌SGC-7901细胞NF-κB、bcl-2表达逐渐下降，bax表达逐渐上升，具有剂量依赖性。

Morphologically, the macrophages treated with NO and O-LDL presented shrinkage, nucleus fragmentation, and cytoplasm condensation; DNA ladder was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis; Characteristic apoptosis peak of macrophages was showed by flow cytometry; Ultrastructure, The chromatin condensed and marginated to form dense chromatin fragmentation; The cytoplasm concentrated and vacuolized; The lysosomes and mitochondria of apoptosis macrophages increased clearly.

电镜观察超微结构变化：染色质固缩边聚，形成致密、均质的染色质块，胞质浓缩、电子密度升高并空泡化；凋亡巨噬细胞溶酶体、线粒体增多；细胞突起缩短减少，但巨噬细胞特有的板状伪足不消失。

Light microscope and transmission electron microscopy showed that SMMC-7721 cells induced by SAHA had undergone the restorational alteration in morphology and ultrastructure, which were different from those of nontreated cells but were similar to those of normal cells, and the changes were as follows: the cells turned to be flat and spread; the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio lessened and nuclear shape became rather regular; the number of nucleolus reduced and its volume lessened; euchromatin increased while heterochromatin decreased in nucleus; in the cytoplasm, mitochondria grew in number with relatively consistent structure and well-developed mitochondria cristae; Golgi complex turned to be well-developed and typical; rough endoplasmic reticulum increased. Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the expression of AFP and PCNA were declined significantly. FCM analysis showed SAHA could arrest SMMC-7721 cells in G0/G1 phase, with an accumulation of the cells in G0/G1 phase while a decrease of cells in S phase. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR detection revealed that the expression of p21WAFl mRNA was upregulated remarkably in the cells treated with SAHA.

结果：倒置显微镜和透射电镜观察显示，经SAHA处理的细胞增殖速度显著减慢，细胞体积增大，细胞核较小，形状较为规则，核仁数量减少、体积变小，核内常染色质增多而异染色质减少，核质比例减小，细胞质内线粒体数量增多、线粒体嵴发达，高尔基体较为典型，粗糙型内质网增多，呈现出与正常上皮细胞相似的形态变化；MTT比色法测定结果显示不同浓度(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0uM)SAHA对SMMC-7721细胞的增殖均有抑制作用，并有明显的剂量依赖和时间依赖关系；免疫细胞化学检测显示SAHA能显著降低PCNA和AFP在SMMC-7721细胞中的表达；流式细胞仪检测结果显示，SMMC-7721细胞经SAHA处理后，G0/G1期细胞明显增加，S期细胞则明显减少，细胞被阻滞于G0/G1期；RT-PCR检测结果表明，SAHA作用12h后SMMC-7721细胞中p21WAF1 mRNA的表达即有增加，24h后更为明显。

The findings of the newly identified goose paramyxovirus strain GPMV/HBexperimental infection were as follows: The challenge caused high morbidity and highmortality.The clinical signs included severe depression, decreased appetite or anorexia,white,yellow and green diarrhea, with neural symptoms;pathological changes showed thathaemorrhage and ulceration of intestine mucosa, necrosis of spleen and pancreas,andedema of liver and kidney, uratic deposition in kidney.Eosinophilic inclusion bodies werefound in the cytoplasm of pancreas and a large quantities of fiber protein were found inintestine. Lots of hemosidefin was found in some area of liver and kidney. A number ofT、B lymphocytes reduced sharply in spleen,lymph nodes in dead geese. Transmissionalelectron microscope showed that some cells had the morphological characteristics ofmitochondria swelling, morphological changes were condensation of nuclear chromatininto dense masses,followed by its marginating against the nuclear envelope, andespecially concentration of cytoplasm association with lots of lipid droplet.

人工感染雏鹅实验中，雏鹅临床表现为高发病率和高死亡率，食欲和饮水减少，拉白色、黄绿色稀粪，伴有神经症状；常规组织学观察，脾脏和胰腺肿大，有白色坏死斑点，肠道出血和坏死，肝脏肿大变性，肾脏肿大变性有尿酸盐沉着等；用特殊染色和组织化学方法首次对人工感染鹅副粘病毒的雏鹅的重要脏器进行研究，结果表明：胰腺中发现病毒包涵体，肠道中大量纤维素以及胶原纤维增生，肾脏、肺脏大量含铁血黄素沉着，免疫器官如脾脏和淋巴结中T、B淋巴细胞大量减少；电镜下多种细胞呈现线粒体水肿，多种实质细胞的染色质固缩，染色质边集，特别是细胞内容物如脂肪滴增多的病理变化特征。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。