染色体结合

A total of 197 F2 plants from the cross Chuanmai 42×Yr24/3*Avocet S and 726 F2 plants from Chuanmai 42×Yr26/3*Avocet S showed high resistance to CYR32 without segregations. Seedling testes with 26 PST isolates showed an identical reaction patterns for Chuanmai 42 (YrCH42), Yr24/3*Avocet S (Yr24) and Yr26/3*Avocet S (Yr26). In considering the allelic test of two F2 populations and seedling responses to 26 PST isolates as well as chromosome locations, YrCH42, Yr24 and Yr26 are likely to be the same gene.

苗期用26个条锈生理小种检测川麦42、Yr24/3*Avocet S和Yr26/3*Avocet S，结果显示这三个材料的抗谱完全相同；结合YrCH42、Yr24和Yr26的来源及其在染色体上的位置，推测这三个基因很可能是同一基因。

In this study, on the basis of information theory and statistical methods, we use mutual information, n-tuple entropy and conditional entropy, combining with biological characteristics, to analyze the long range correlation and short range correlation in human Y chromosome palindromes.

本文中，我们利用信息论和统计学的方法并结合生物学的特征研究人类Y染色体回文序列的互信息、'n字'熵、条件熵，定量分析了回文序列的长程关联和短程关联，发现其中既存在长程关联，也存在短程关联，并且它们主要是由序列中的重复序列引起的。

To overcome the premature of simple genetic algorithm, the calculating efficiency of SGA is improved by the following two ways; Firstly, in order to ensure convergence of algorithm and reduce influence factor of convergence, elitist selection and adapted crossover and mutation operator are adopted. Secondly, because this study deals with finding minimize volume of structure, to quicken convergence of this problem, in line with mechanics criterion the paper carry out mutation to some genes in chromosome according to variations of internal force. This will let algorithms to search answer with our hoping directions.

针对基本遗传算法存在早熟的问题，本文主要从两个方面进行了改进，首先为了保证算法的收敛和减少影响算法收敛因素，采用了最优保护策略和自适应的交叉和变异算子；其次，由于本文研究内容涉及求结构最小体积问题，为了加快此类问题的收敛速度，本文结合结构优化中的力学准则，对个体染色体中的某一段基因按照内力变化进行变异操作，使得算法按一定方向进行搜索最优解。

Truncation mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli protein are responsible for familial and sporadic colonic tumours. Except for its function as a role in regulating b-catenin, recent studies show that APC has additional roles in cytoskeletal regulation. It binds to microactin and microtubules directly and indirectly. Furthermore, APC plays an important role in mediating the detraction of chromosome.

编码APC蛋白(adenomatous polyposis coli， APC)基因的缺失突变会导致家族性和散发性的结肠癌，APC蛋白除了能直接参与Wnt信号途径调节b-catenin的浓度之外，最近的研究表明APC蛋白能够与细胞骨架的主要成分微管和微丝直接或间接结合，通过调节微管的解聚和聚合，间接调节染色体的分离，作为潜在的细胞骨架调节分子将细胞骨架与重要的细胞信号转导通路紧密联系在一起。

A study of enzymolysis for chromosome preparation from chorionic villus was established upon previous work .

在以往工作的基础上，建立了制备绒毛细胞染色体的24小时培养并结合酶解的方法。

This research toke the upland cotton cytoplasmic male-sterile line P30A etiolation seedling as the material. Reference rice, maize and other crops'mitochondrial DNA bacterial artificial chromosome library construction methods, and unifies cotton itself to include the gossipol, tannin easily to oxidize materials'particularity, established a high quality mitochondrial DNA's BAC library system.

本研究以陆地棉细胞质雄性不育系P30A的黄化苗为材料，参考水稻、玉米等主要农作物线粒体基因组细菌人工染色体文库的构建方法，并结合棉花本身含有棉酚、单宁等易氧化物质的特殊性，建立了一套构建高质量线粒体基因组BAC文库的体系。

Each of these bundles is called a nucleosome, and many nucleosomes are bound together by the continuing strand of DNA, which forms a string of beads that further coils to form one of two kinds of chromatin, either euchromatin or heterochromatin.

所有细胞核的最显著的特点就是染色体，由DNA和组蛋白所组成的染色质构成，DNA绕行在由4个相似的组蛋白分子结合而形成的柱状的芯上，这一结构称为核小体，核小体之间由连续的DNA链连接，形成串珠样结构，进一步盘曲形成常染色质或异染色质。

L.radiata was evolver than L.sprengeri. The genus which contented the number of chromosomes 16, were later than the anterior genus.

结合C-带和FISH结果，初步推测，在进化过程中，换锦花处于较原始的地位，石蒜次之，含16条染色体物种较进化。

They are not sure why smokers produce fewer boys, but they suspect that sperm carrying the Y chromosome for male children may be more susceptible to the effects of tobacco which could make it less likely to fertilise the woman's egg.

他们无法确定，为什么吸烟者生男孩的可能性较小。但是他们怀疑，决定生男孩的携带y 染色体的精子更容易受香烟的影响，使其与卵子结合的可能性降低。

With the pre-treatment of 8-hydroxyquiline, fenyoujing and temperature change, the preparation method of chromosomes of Achyranthes bidentata BI was studied by low osmosis treatment after the displacement of cell wall and flame desiccation .

以牛膝的根尖为试验材料，运用8-羟基喹啉，风油精和变温处理法进行前处理，结合去壁低渗－火焰干燥法中的低渗处理对牛膝染色体标本的制备方法进行了大胆探索。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！