染色体基因

Topics include DNA and chromosomes, population genetics, immunity and cancer, genetics technology, sex-linked diseases, Mendel's Laws, and gene mutation.

这些主题包括DNA和染色体、群体遗传学、免疫和癌症、遗传学技术、性染色体疾病、孟德尔原理、以及基因突变。

The method will eventually converge to a near optimal solution and is relatively unaffected by the outliers.Ⅲ. Trilinear geometry estimation based on messy genetic algorithm: similar to the method of epipolar geometry estimation. Experiments show that it is more robust and precise than other typical methods, but takes more time to get the final result.Ⅳ.

ii基于混合遗传算法的对极几何估计：以最小的数据子集来构造染色体，利用染色体在某一位置上的基因冗余来提高遗传算法的选择能力，尽管这样会增加运算的复杂度，但却更有可能寻找到全局最优解，并且运算精度略高于中的算法。

The father has a normal X gene on the X chromosome and a normal Y chromosome.

父亲有一个正常 X 基因在 X 染色体和一条正常 Y 染色体。

These genes appear most frequently on chromosome 12 but rarely on chromosome 21 and Y.

这些基因在12号染色体上出现频率最高，而在21号和Y染色体上很少出现。

Using a 3H-labelled 7.3kb fragment of 18S and 28S rRNA g enes as a probe and by chromosomal in situ hybridization,it was demonstrated tha t the autoradiographic silver grains to be located along entire p+ part of the m arker chromosome.

应用3H标记的7.3kb长的rRNA基因探针进行染色体原位杂交，自显影银颗粒沿整个p+区域分布，p+上的银颗粒数是正常近端着丝粒染色体短臂上银颗粒平均数的5倍。

The laboratory findings of a typical CCML patient comprised of peripheral blood leukocytosis, basophilia and eosinophilia,myeloid differentiation in different stages, and increased megakaryocytes. The immunohistochemical features of the CCML consisted of highly positive MPO and CD68, significant lowering of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase, positive for Philadel- phia chromosome or chimeric BCR/ABL gene, etc. But in most cases of juvenile CCML, the Philadelphia chromosome could not be detected.

临床表现以乏力、低热、贫血、肝脾及淋巴结肿大为主要特点；典型儿童慢性髓细胞白血病的实验室特点有白细胞计数高、嗜酸和嗜碱性粒细胞增多、骨髓不同阶段髓细胞分化和巨核细胞增多；免疫组化提示CD68，髓过氧化物酶，中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分明显减低，Ph染色体或BCR/ABL融合基因阳性，而幼年型CCML的Ph染色体常为阴性。

It is expected that hyg would be integrated stablely into the chromosome along with insert while spc/str would be lost during the second cross-over. Gene replacement through these two flanking sequences will result in the susceptibility of the transformants to phage φHAU3, which provides an enrichment for desired transformants by counterselection.

预期在携带有大插入片段的基因置换YAC分子进入野生型变铅青链霉菌后，YAC分子将通过1.4kb或1.0kb片段与染色体发生同源单交换，继而发生同源双交换，hyg连同大插入片段一起稳定地整合到染色体上，而spc／str丢失，从而导致菌株Hyg〓Str〓的表型。

Asymmetric over-introgression of the indica alleles on chromosome 7 and many specific regions on other chromosomes in the japonica genetic background is consistent with the general trend observed in the RIL and F_2 populations of the same cross, suggesting a high genetic load in the japonica gene pool, and japonica genome experienced a very severe bottleneck by artificial domestication.2 Genetic background effect on QTL expression of grain weight and its related traitsGenetic background effect on main-effect QTL and digenic epistatic QTL mapping for GWT and its related traits including GL, GW and GT was dissected by a large set of reciprocal introgression lines and recombinant inbred lines derived from Lemont and Teqing in Beijing environment.

籼粳相互导入具有不对称性，粳稻向籼稻背景的平均导入频率与期望值相仿，相反籼稻向粳稻背景的平均导入频率大大高于理论预期，位于第7染色体和一些其它染色体的特殊区段存在籼稻等位基因的超导入现象，在来自相同亲本的重组自交系和F_2群体中也观察到同样的导入趋势，表明粳稻基因组具有较大的遗传负荷，粳稻品种在人工驯化过程中曾经历过一个非常剧烈的遗传瓶颈。2水稻籽粒相关性状的主效和互作QTL表达的遗传背景效应利用Lemont和特青培育的双向导入系和重组自交系群体，在北京环境下定位影响千粒重及其相关性状如粒长、粒宽和粒厚的主效和互作QTL，分别在特青背景导入系、Lemont背景导入系和重组自交系下检测到影响千粒重及其相关性状的主效QTL分别为33个、27个和13个，互作QTL分别为4个、8个和23个，其中仅有6个主效QTL(QGwt5，QGl1，QGl3b，QGl4，QGw7和QGw8)在籼粳两个不同背景下共同表达，3个主效QTL(QGwt5，QGwt7a和QGt5)在导入系和重组自交系中共同表达，分别占检测到影响这些性状QTL总数的11.1%和4.3%，未检测到在3个背景下相同表达的互作QTL。

It was Eric Lander,while working for Colins in the tortoise-paced Human Genome Project, who saw that his team was losing and made it his business to beat Venter's harelike private venture at its own game .With $34 milltortoise-paced Human Genome Project, who saw that his team was losing and made it his business to beat Venter's harelike private venture at its own game .With $34 million from the Gemome Project and a $38 million loan from the Massachusetts Institute of Technologh's Whitehead Institute,Lander ordered dozens of special-purpose computers and state-of-the art capillary machines and built automated gene-sequencing pipeline so insatiable that he was soon grabbibg long stretches of DNA from other labs to fees its monstrous appetite .It was his lab's work that brought the race to a photo finish, and it was his name that appeared first on the Nature article that published the results.

这是埃里克Lander，当工作为Colins 在草龟踱步的人的染色体项目，看见他的队是丢失的并且做它他的事务摔打Venter's harelike 私有事业在它自己的游戏With $34 milltortoise 踱步了人的染色体项目，看见他的队是丢失和做它他的事务摔打Venter's harelike 私有事业在它自己的游戏With $34 百万从Gemome 项目和一笔$38 百万贷款从Technologh's Whitehead 学院马萨诸塞学院， Lander 定购了许多专用计算机和状态这艺术血丝机器和修造了自动化基因程序化管道很贪心他是grabbibg 长期很快舒展DNA 从其它实验室对费它是带来种族给相片结束的他的lab's 工作，并且这是出现首先在自然文章出版结果的他的名字。

The Guardian can reveal that a team of 20 top scientists assembled by Mr Venter,led by the Noble laurate Hamilton Smiith,has already constructed a synthetic chromosome,a feat of virtuoso bio-engineering never previously achieved.Using lab –made chemicals,they have painstakingly stitched together a chromosome that is 381 genes long and contains 580,000 base pairs of genetic code.

家长可以显示一个20人的团队的顶尖科学家通过文特的带领下，高贵的laurate汉密尔顿Smiith，已经建造了一个合成染色体，这一壮举的演奏家生物在以前从未达到使用化学实验室，他们之前在刻意的染色体缝长和包含381基因遗传密码的580，000降到了现在的碱基对。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！