染色体

The final diagnoses of 12 patients were confirmed aschronic myeloid leukemia. The clinical diagnoses of another 2 pa-tients were acute myeloid leukemia, and the other 1 was secondarypolycythemia. Cytogenetically, the Ph~1 chromosomes were found among 11 of 12 pa-tients with CML, the mean of Ph~1 positive cells was 72.3%. The presenceof Ph~1 chromoso...

在12例慢性粒细胞白血病中，11例Ph~1染色体为阳性(阳性率平均为72.3％)，1例为Ph~1阴性；2例急性粒细胞白血病患者的骨髓中期分裂细胞具Ph~1染色体者分别占1/4及1/5，其中1例还发现微小体；1例继发性红细胞增生症患者，70％的骨髓中期分裂细胞为Ph~1染色体阳性，并发现染色体碎裂细胞。

In the BC〓F〓 and BC〓F〓 generation of Yannong15×Thinopyron intermedium hybrid, 4 octoploids which had chromosome number of 2n=56 and could form 28 bivalent at PMC MI, 14 disomic addition lines which had chromosome number of 2n=44 and could form 22 bivalent at PMC MI; three monosomic addition lines which had chromosome number 2n=43 and had the chromosome configuration of 21Ⅱ+1Ⅰ at PMC MI, 1 substitution line which had chromosome number 2n=42 and could form 21 bivalent at PMC MI were selected by observation of mitosis in root tip cell and meiosis in pollen mother cell.

在烟农15与中间偃麦草杂交的BC〓F〓和BC〓F〓代中，通过根尖有丝分裂和花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ观察选出4个2n=56，PMC MI染色体构型为28Ⅱ的八倍体小偃麦；14个2n=44，PMC MI染色体构型为22Ⅱ的双体异附加系；3个2n=43，PMC MI染色体构型为21Ⅱ+1Ⅰ的单体异附加系；1个2n=42，PMC MI染色体构型为21Ⅱ的异代换系。

1Unequal number of univalents with decreased degree of synapsis and lagging chromosomes occurred in meiosis.The abnormal chromosomal behavior correlated with heterogenicity gave rise to unequal allocation of homogenous chromosomes to daughter cells and resulted in the deletion of functional chromosoms,thus led to the occurence of a certion proportion of aborted pollens.(2)The interaction between genetic imbalance and such environmental factors as temperature,etc.,further drew forth physiological and even structrural imbalance,with abnormal development of pollen mother cells and tapetal cells,and consequently resulted in no or very few production of pollens.The difference in the interaction between environment and genotype reflected on the unstability of pollen abortion in different years.

1在减数分裂中有数目不等的联合程度较差的单价体以及落后染色体出现，这种与异质性相关的染色体行为异常，导致同源染色体向子细胞的不均衡分配，造成具功能染色体的缺失，从而引起毛白杨一定比率的败育花粉的产生；(2)遗传上的不平衡与温度等环境因子相互作用，进一步引发毛白杨生理乃至结构上的不平衡，花粉母细胞和绒毡层细胞发育异常，从而造成不产粉或产粉较少；环境与基因型互作的差异性导致了花粉败育的年度不稳定性。

The analysis of these data shows that in the process of evolution the X chromosomes are as conservative as those in other mammals and the intraspecific and interspecific changes of autosomes follow such a rule:the increase of one chromosome in 2n number is always accompanied by the increase of two acrocentrics and the decrease of one metacentric or submetacentric,and vice versa.

对这些材料所进行的分析表明，鹿属动物在进化过程中，X染色体是很保守的，而常染色体的变化，无论是种间还是种内，全是2n数每增加1条，中部或亚中部着丝点染色体数就减少1条，而端着丝点染色体数就增加2条，反之亦然。

6 The caryotype of giant panda's fibroblasts can be divided into two groups based on centromericindex.Group one of No.l-17 and X chromosomes is metacentric or submetacentric;Group two ofNo.18-20 is acrocentric little chromosomes.

第四代大熊猫皮肤成纤维细胞(PF4)染色体组型：2n＝42，根据着丝粒指数，总体可将其分为两种类型，1-17号常染色体和X染色体为中部或亚中着丝粒，18-20号常染色体为小型近端着丝粒。

After that, the metaphase karyotype of Muntiacus crinifrons were painted by using the product of the DOP-PCR of the Y chromosome of Muntiacus reevesi as a special probe and the result showed that Y2 chromosome was the real Y chromosome of Muntiacus crinifrons.

然后，将小麂的Y染色体的DOP-PCR产物经Cy3标记后直接作为涂染探针，应用染色体涂染技术与雌雄黑麂的核型标本进行杂交，确认了黑麂真正的Y染色体为Y2染色体。

Studies showed that the chromosomes of barley H2 from No.1 to No.6 are all the central centric chromosomes but the No.7 is the submedian centric chromosome.

研究表明，栽培大麦（H2）的第1至第6对染色体为中部着丝点染色体，第7对染色体为亚中部着丝点染色体。

The chromosomes of Aegilops tauschii (85A-34) are the central centric chromosomes except that the chromosomes of No.5 is the submedian centric chromosome.Its kartype formula is 2n=2x=14=12m+2sm(2SAT).

节节麦（85A-34）除第5对染色体外都为中部着丝点染色体，第5对染色体为亚中部着丝点染色体且为具随体染色体，其核型公式为：2n=2x=14＝12m＋2sm(2SAT)。

Using CCA, karyotype abnormalities were found in 18 (37.5%) of 48 cases, among which complex karyotypes were found in 4 (8.3%) cases, a deletion of chromosome 5/a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (-5/5q-) in 5 (10.4%) cases,-7/7q- in 5 (10.4%) cases, trisomy 8 in 8 (16.6%) cases, 20q- in 2 (4.6%) cases, unconsistent translocations in 3 (6.2%) cases.

细胞遗传学分析检出染色体异常18例(37.5%)，其中复杂异常4例(8.3%)、5号染色体缺失或5号染色体长臂部分缺失5例(10.4%)、7号染色体缺失或7号染色体长臂部分缺失5例(10.4%)、8号染色体增加8例（16.6%）、20号染色体长臂部分缺失2例（4.6%）、不一致的易位3例（6.2%）。

Second Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510150 Objective To study the technique and diagnostic value of fluorescence insitu hybridization in chromosome abnormality for prenatal diagnosis. Methods Amniocenteses were performed in 34 pregnant women of 16～23 gestational weeks with indications for prenatal diagnosis. The amniotic fluid samples were cultured in Chang's medium.

对34例孕16～23周有产前诊断指征者经腹部抽取羊水，用Chang培养液传代培养，常规制备羊水细胞分裂中期染色体，应用生物素及地高辛标记的人类全着丝粒探针和X、Y、13、21、18号染色体α-着丝粒探针及染色体全涂染探针，与培养的羊水细胞分裂中期染色体DNA进行原位杂交，杂交后用荧光显微镜观察玻片并摄像。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

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如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。