染色体

Then, the homologous chromosomes separate, members of each pair go to opposite poles. Reduction in chromosome number is achieved. Meiosis I is the actual reduction division.

之后同源染色体分离，每对的每个成员去相反的极，在这时，染色体数目减半因同源染色体分离而使染色体数目减半，因此减数分裂其实是真正的"减数分裂"。

Of or relating to a chromosome that is not paired or united with its homologous chromosome during synapsis.

单价染色体的属于或有关一种染色体的，在染色体结合过程中不与它的对等染色体配对或结合

The karyotype contains 12 pairs of metacentric, 3 pairs of submetacentirc and 4 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. There is no telocentric chromosome at all.

绢丝丽蚌的二倍体数目2n=38，核型公式为2n=24m+6sm+8st，NF=68，其中中部染色体12对，亚中部染色体3对，亚端部染色体4对，没有端部染色体。

The karyotype pattern showed that the chromosome number of 2n = 48 contained two metacentric chromosomes, two submetacentric chromosomes, 44 telocentric chromosomes. The karyotype formula is 2 m + 2 st + 44 t and the fundamental number is 52. We will continue to make the karyotype analysis of other tunas in the future.

结果显示其染色体数为2 n = 48，其中2条为中央中结染色体，2条为近中央中结染色体，44条为端点中结染色体，核型公式为2 m + 2 sm + 44 t，染色体总臂数为52，未来将继续进行其它鲔鱼的核型分析。

This may be due to the characteristics of soybean genome,an ancient tetraploid.

这些基因位于10条不同染色体上，FT类基因具有成对排列于同一条染色体的短的区段的倾向，TFL1和CEN的4个不同拷贝均位于不同的染色体上。7对基因之间同源性高于90%，而且多位于不同染色体上，可能与大豆古四倍体的特性有关。4。

Polysomy, which includes trisomy, is the condition in which one or more chromosomes are represented more than twice in the cell.

多染色体包括三染色体都是一条或多条染色体代替了正常细胞中的两条染色体形成的。

As a result, by the developmental stage of trochophore, most hybrids still had the karyotype of 2n=3m+5sm+15st+12t, according with theoretical expectation of hybrids, which crediblely proved to be a combination of haploid genomes of biparents in hybrids.

我们可以下这样的定论，大多数子代的担轮幼虫的染色体构成仍然符合理论预期型(2n=3m+5sm+15st+12t)，即其基因组染色体是由亲本扇贝的单套基因组染色体构成的，子代分别继承了母本和父本各一套染色体。

Unicolor. There were unequal bivalents, homologous chromosome deconjugation, chromosome brige, unequal separation, laggard chromosomes, chromosome outside nucleus, micronuclei arid so on.

unicolor小孢子母细胞减数分裂异常进行了研究，发现存在不等二价体、同源染色体早分离、染色体桥、不均等分离、滞后染色体、核外染色体、微核等。

Embedding the gradient direction search and new kinds of evaluation functions into the Genetic Algorithm, a special hybrid Genetic Algorithm with mutation along the weighted gradient direction to solve non-linear programming problems is developed. Then in Chapt 4, a type of nonlinear programming problems with fuzzy objective and fuzzy resources constraints is discussed, in which the objective is ill-defined and the resources possess two different types of fuzzy resources, i. e., tolerance and imprecision. By way of description and formulation of fuzzy objective and fuzzy resources, the problem with fuzzy objective and two different types of fuzzy resources is modelled into a fuzzy nonlinear programming model FO/RNLP and interpreted as three equivalent alternative crisp model to reflect the variety of the environment and the subjective and preference of the decision maker .

本文首先针对遗传算法在求解非线性规划问题中存在的问题，首次提出非可行点／染色体的主导准可行方向，准可行方向，及非可行点属于可行域的可行度等新概念，借助于模糊思想，提出了描述和度量非可行染色体的新方法；通过嵌入非可行染色体的信息于评价函数中，提出了三种新的评价非可行染色体的评价函数；把传统的启发式方法-梯度方向搜索和新的评价函数嵌入到遗传算法中，提出了一种沿加权梯度方向变异的新型混合式遗传算法；第四章针对生产实际中非清晰定义的模糊目标和两种类型的模糊资源，建立了一类连续型模糊目标／资源约束非线性规划问题的模型FO／RNLP。

The final diagnoses of 12 patients were confirmed aschronic myeloid leukemia. The clinical diagnoses of another 2 pa-tients were acute myeloid leukemia, and the other 1 was secondarypolycythemia. Cytogenetically, the Ph~1 chromosomes were found among 11 of 12 pa-tients with CML, the mean of Ph~1 positive cells was 72.3%. The presenceof P...

在12例慢性粒细胞白血病中，11例Ph~1染色体为阳性(阳性率平均为72.3％)，1例为Ph~1阴性；2例急性粒细胞白血病患者的骨髓中期分裂细胞具Ph~1染色体者分别占1/4及1/5，其中1例还发现微小体；1例继发性红细胞增生症患者，70％的骨髓中期分裂细胞为Ph~1染色体阳性，并发现染色体碎裂细胞。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。